A Putative Frizzled 7-Targeting Compound Acts as a Firefly Luciferase Inhibitor

Abstract

The Frizzled family (FZD_1–10) of G protein-coupled receptors regulates WNT signaling mediating proliferative input. Dysregulation of FZD₇ and exaggerated WNT/β-catenin signaling is frequently observed in intestinal cancers. Therefore, it is attractive to develop therapeutics targeting FZD₇ for cancer treatment. Structure-based virtual screening has identified compound 28, which inhibited WNT/β-catenin signaling based on the luciferase-based reporter gene TOPFlash assay. However, upon pharmacological validation, compound 28 rather acts as a potent Firefly luciferase (Fluc) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 30 nM), matching the reported IC₅₀ for compound 28-mediated inhibition in the TOPFlash assay. Moreover, we employed Fluc-independent assays, a FZD₇-focused bioluminescence resonance energy transfer biosensor and quantitative PCR, to emphasize the inability of compound 28 to inhibit the WNT-3A-induced conformational dynamics in FZD₇ and transcription of Axin2, a WNT target gene. Thus, we underline the importance of counter screens to validate compounds that interfere with the detection technology used for compound screening.