Global trends and regional differences in the burden of HIV/AIDS attributed to intimate partner violence among females in 204 countries and territories, 1999-2019: An analysis of the global burden of disease study.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the temporal and spatial trends in the burden of HIV/AIDS related to intimate partner violence (IPV) on global, regional, and country scales among females.

Method: Data were from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. We assessed the global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; per 100,000 population) and death of HIV/AIDS attributable to IPV by age and geographical location. The estimated annual percentage change across 204 countries and territories was used to present the temporal and spatial trends. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and the burden of HIV/AIDS attributable to IPV and its spatial and temporal characteristics globally.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the global DALY and death rates of HIV/AIDS attributable to IPV decreased by 0.26% and 0.21%, respectively. Across the 21 GBD regions, the top three highest age-standardized rates of IPV-related DALY for HIV/AIDS were in Southern, Eastern, and Central Sub-Saharan Africa. From 1990 to 2019, the study found the estimated annual percentage change of 15 out of 21 regions significantly increased with the largest three in Oceania, Eastern Europe, and South Asia with the EAPC of 17.81%, 9.46%, and 8.81%, respectively, while a decreasing trend could be found in six regions (Western Europe, High-Income North America, Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, Australasia, and Caribbean). This study found the inverted U-curve patterns were common across all levels of SDI, although progress has stalled in some regions. The burden of death by 21 GBD regions is similar to DALY's.

Conclusions: The burden of HIV/AIDS attributable to IPV has significantly increased in females in many countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Marked geographical variations were observed with different patterns. Considering the vast variations in the burden by SDI and geographic location, future actions should be designed and implemented based on the specific development status, cultural, and regional characteristics of each country. The most robust synergy is achieved by intervening on multiple levels in the promotion of community engagement, gender equality, women empowerment, and human rights. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).