Microbiology of tattoo-associated infections since 1820.

Abstract

The increasing popularity of tattoos parallels the rise in microbial infections associated with tattooing. This two-part Series provides a comprehensive overview of microbial infections linked to tattoos dating back to 1820. This first paper in the Series particularly emphasises the changing landscape of infections since 2000, a period marked by enhanced public health regulations and growing awareness. It focuses on the microbiological aspects of these infections, including the types of microorganisms involved, their diversity, and prevalence. The evolving dynamics of tattoo-related microbial infections since 1820 has also been highlighted, during which the number of infections has increased substantially, from 105 cases (426 individuals) until 2000 to 215 cases (618 individuals) since then. The period since 2000 is characterised by the emergence of a more complex spectrum of microorganisms, transitioning from early observations of superficial pyogenic infections. Various species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been identified as novel pathogens.