The Set up and the Triggers: An Update on the Risk Factors for Giant Cell Arteritis.

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI:10.1007/s11910-024-01386-3

Mary Labowsky, Ben Harnke

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Abstract

Purpose of review: To describe recent research relevant to factors which predispose to giant cell arteritis (GCA) and those which trigger its manifestation, with particular emphasis on the more recent and controversial associations (COVID-19, vaccination, novel medications) which have changed the medical landscape and perhaps GCA prevalence.

Recent findings: GCA remains more prevalent in Caucasians but nevertheless affects other racial groups. Certain HLA haplotypes (i.e. DRB1*04) incurs risk of GCA. Polymyalgia rheumatica remains a strong association, and recent evidence also associates GCA with hematologic malignancy. COVID-19 infection may trigger GCA, in addition to vaccination (particularly the COVID-19 vaccine) and reactivated VZV infection, though the latter may be related to a common trigger. PD1-inhibitors may be associated with GCA. Previously establish patterns in geography and latitude are supported. A seasonal pattern of GCA in the summer/spring months is suggested but not proven. Controversy regarding GCA risk factors exists, as well as to whether the overall prevalence of GCA is rising. Given the growing aging population, the total number of cases of GCA will certainly increase, a challenge to which that our healthcare system must continue to rise to meet.

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巨细胞动脉炎的建立和触发因素：巨细胞动脉炎危险因素的最新进展。

综述的目的：描述最近与巨细胞动脉炎（GCA）易感因素和触发其表现的因素相关的研究，特别强调最近和有争议的关联（COVID-19、疫苗接种、新型药物），这些关联已经改变了医学格局，可能还改变了GCA的患病率。最近的研究发现：GCA在白种人中更为普遍，但也影响其他种族群体。某些HLA单倍型（即DRB1*04）会导致GCA的风险。多肌痛风湿病仍然有很强的相关性，最近的证据也表明GCA与血液恶性肿瘤有关。除了疫苗接种（特别是COVID-19疫苗）和重新激活的VZV感染之外，COVID-19感染也可能引发GCA，尽管后者可能与常见的触发因素有关。pd1抑制剂可能与GCA有关。支持以前建立的地理和纬度模式。GCA的季节分布在夏季和春季，但没有得到证实。关于GCA的危险因素，以及GCA的总体患病率是否在上升，存在争议。随着人口老龄化的加剧，GCA的病例总数肯定会增加，我们的医疗系统必须继续提高以应对这一挑战。

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来源期刊

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of neurological disease and disorders. Presents the views of experts on current advances in neurology and neuroscience Gathers and synthesizes important recent papers on the topic Includes reviews of recently published clinical trials, valuable web sites, and commentaries from well-known figures in the field.