Charge signals characterizing the influence of bedding angles on shale damage under cyclic loading and unloading

IF 7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106001
Long Ren , Baolong Zhu , Jing Li , Liming Qiu
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Abstract

The role of bedding angle on the mechanic properties and failure modes of shale under cyclic loading and unloading conditions is unclear. This study conducted uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests on shales from the Longmaxi Formation with different bedding angles (θ = 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°), and characterized their damage evolution through both AE and charge signals. Results show that the compressive strengths are higher, and the loading cycles are more in specimens with θ = 0° and 90° than those with θ = 22.5°, 45° and 67.5° during cyclic loading tests, resulting in a silent period of signaling presented in former but not in latter θ. Both AE and charge signals can well reflect the major damages in time-domain analysis, while only charge signals can characterize the minor damages at the silent stages by continuous wavelet transforming into time-frequency plots, leading to their advantages in characterizing the damage evolution in specimens with θ = 0° and 90°, but not with θ = 22.5°, 45° and 67.5°. These differences can be attributed to their different signal acquirement mechanisms. These findings highlight the effectiveness of charge signals in characterizing the shale damage evolution under loading and unloading conditions.
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表征层理角度对循环加卸载下页岩损伤影响的电荷信号
层理角对循环加卸载条件下页岩力学特性和破坏模式的影响尚不清楚。对不同层理角度(θ = 0°、22.5°、45°、67.5°和90°)的龙马溪组页岩进行单轴循环加卸载试验,通过声发射和充能信号表征其损伤演化过程。结果表明:与θ = 22.5°、45°和67.5°的试件相比,θ = 0°和90°的试件抗压强度更高,且加载次数更多,且在θ = 22.5°、45°和67.5°的试件中出现了信号沉默期;声发射信号和电荷信号在时域分析中都能很好地反映主要损伤,而电荷信号通过连续小波变换成时频图可以很好地表征静止阶段的次要损伤,因此它们在θ = 0°和90°时具有表征损伤演变的优势,而在θ = 22.5°、45°和67.5°时则没有。这些差异可归因于它们不同的信号获取机制。这些发现强调了电荷信号在表征加载和卸载条件下页岩损伤演化方面的有效性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
5.60%
发文量
196
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences focuses on original research, new developments, site measurements, and case studies within the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Serving as an international platform, it showcases high-quality papers addressing rock mechanics and the application of its principles and techniques in mining and civil engineering projects situated on or within rock masses. These projects encompass a wide range, including slopes, open-pit mines, quarries, shafts, tunnels, caverns, underground mines, metro systems, dams, hydro-electric stations, geothermal energy, petroleum engineering, and radioactive waste disposal. The journal welcomes submissions on various topics, with particular interest in theoretical advancements, analytical and numerical methods, rock testing, site investigation, and case studies.
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