{"title":"Charge signals characterizing the influence of bedding angles on shale damage under cyclic loading and unloading","authors":"Long Ren, Baolong Zhu, Jing Li, Liming Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The role of bedding angle on the mechanic properties and failure modes of shale under cyclic loading and unloading conditions is unclear. This study conducted uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests on shales from the Longmaxi Formation with different bedding angles (<ce:italic>θ</ce:italic> = 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°), and characterized their damage evolution through both AE and charge signals. Results show that the compressive strengths are higher, and the loading cycles are more in specimens with <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic> = 0° and 90° than those with <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic> = 22.5°, 45° and 67.5° during cyclic loading tests, resulting in a silent period of signaling presented in former but not in latter <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic>. Both AE and charge signals can well reflect the major damages in time-domain analysis, while only charge signals can characterize the minor damages at the silent stages by continuous wavelet transforming into time-frequency plots, leading to their advantages in characterizing the damage evolution in specimens with <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic> = 0° and 90°, but not with <ce:italic>θ</ce:italic> = 22.5°, 45° and 67.5°. These differences can be attributed to their different signal acquirement mechanisms. These findings highlight the effectiveness of charge signals in characterizing the shale damage evolution under loading and unloading conditions.","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.106001","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The role of bedding angle on the mechanic properties and failure modes of shale under cyclic loading and unloading conditions is unclear. This study conducted uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests on shales from the Longmaxi Formation with different bedding angles (θ = 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°), and characterized their damage evolution through both AE and charge signals. Results show that the compressive strengths are higher, and the loading cycles are more in specimens with θ = 0° and 90° than those with θ = 22.5°, 45° and 67.5° during cyclic loading tests, resulting in a silent period of signaling presented in former but not in latter θ. Both AE and charge signals can well reflect the major damages in time-domain analysis, while only charge signals can characterize the minor damages at the silent stages by continuous wavelet transforming into time-frequency plots, leading to their advantages in characterizing the damage evolution in specimens with θ = 0° and 90°, but not with θ = 22.5°, 45° and 67.5°. These differences can be attributed to their different signal acquirement mechanisms. These findings highlight the effectiveness of charge signals in characterizing the shale damage evolution under loading and unloading conditions.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences focuses on original research, new developments, site measurements, and case studies within the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Serving as an international platform, it showcases high-quality papers addressing rock mechanics and the application of its principles and techniques in mining and civil engineering projects situated on or within rock masses. These projects encompass a wide range, including slopes, open-pit mines, quarries, shafts, tunnels, caverns, underground mines, metro systems, dams, hydro-electric stations, geothermal energy, petroleum engineering, and radioactive waste disposal. The journal welcomes submissions on various topics, with particular interest in theoretical advancements, analytical and numerical methods, rock testing, site investigation, and case studies.