Optical properties of [MMim]2[CuI3] crystals with 0D single-core trigonal planar structures†

Abstract

In recent years, lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid zero-dimensional metal halides have attracted considerable attention due to their outstanding optical properties, largely attributed to the confinement of localized metal groups. We report the discovery of a newly structured [MMim]₂[CuI₃] crystal with a distinct [CuI₃]²⁻ trigonal planar structure encapsulated by inert organic [MMim]⁺ clusters. The structure, composition, and thermal stability of the crystal were analyzed using XRD and TG–DTA. The optical properties of [MMim]₂[CuI₃] crystals were both experimentally measured and theoretically calculated. These crystals exhibit intense broadband orange luminescence with pronounced Stokes shifts and a microsecond-scale fluorescence lifetime decay, primarily due to self-trapped exciton emission. Temperature-dependent fluorescence spectra were also recorded to explore the luminescence mechanism. In summary, these findings highlight the remarkable potential of lead-free [MMim]₂[CuI₃] crystals in advancing optoelectronic applications.