The effects of previous detoxifications on intelligence, speed, attention, and executive functioning in patients with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder.

Abstract

Introduction and aims: Repeatedly undergoing supervised, medical, detoxification from chronic alcohol use may contribute to impairments in neurocognitive functioning of patients with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Unsupervised, non-medical, detoxification, however, may also contribute to neurocognitive impairments, given the absence of first choice prescription medication to counteract severe withdrawal effects. So far, findings from previous studies are inconclusive and specifically effects of non-medical detoxifications are not investigated yet. Using an association modeling approach, this study investigates whether intelligence, speed, attention, and executive functioning are influenced by previous medical and/or non-medical detoxifications.

Methods: A total of 106 participants with AUD underwent a clinical medical supervised detoxification. Basic characteristics of the patient were recorded including the number of previous medical and non-medical detoxifications. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted after 6 weeks of abstinence.

Results: The amount of previous medical detoxifications (F (1, 87) = 4.108, P = .046) and the group of medical detoxifications (F(1, 87) = 4734, P = .032), predicted performance on one out of 14 dependent variables, i.e. the "d2 Number of Signs" task. Though "Age of onset of daily alcohol use" contributed significantly to this relationship, the change of the regression coefficient of the model was ˂10%. The number of non-medical or total amount of previous detoxifications did not predict any of the dependent variables.

Conclusion: The results indicate limited evidence of a linear association between either medical, non-medical, or total amount of previous detoxifications and measures of intelligence, speed, attention, or executive functioning, while controlling for relevant confounders.