Characteristics of heavy metal migration from virgin PET and recycled PET plastic bottles in beverage products.

IF 2.3 3区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI:10.1080/19440049.2024.2428745

Ratih Dewi Sujana, Hanifah Nuryani Lioe, Nugraha Edhi Suyatma

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Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used packaging materials for beverages. The increased use of PET has contributed to the rise in plastic waste. Recycled PET (R-PET) is a solution to address this environmental issue. This study aims to determine the migration level of Pb, Cd, Hg, and Sb in PET bottles, evaluate the effect of plastic types (virgin PET and R-PET) and testing conditions (according to BPOM following national regulation and EU following international regulation) on the migration from heavy metals into food. Sixty test samples of virgin PET and R-PET bottles, obtained from four packaging industries in Indonesia, were analyzed for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Sb concentrations using ICP-MS. The results showed that the highest concentrations of heavy metal migration for Cd and Pb were in a virgin PET sample according to BPOM, respectively, at 28 ± 2 ng/L and 636 ± 22 ng/L. Meanwhile, the highest concentrations of Hg and Sb were in a R-PET sample according to EU, respectively, at 469 ± 91 ng/L and 5042 ± 617 ng/L. There was a significant difference in heavy metal levels between the two types of plastic (virgin PET and R-PET) and two testing conditions (BPOM and EU). However, all the obtained concentrations were below the permitted limits of national and EU regulations.

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来源期刊

Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment CHEMISTRY, APPLIED-FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

6.90%

发文量

136

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A publishes original research papers and critical reviews covering analytical methodology, occurrence, persistence, safety evaluation, detoxification and regulatory control of natural and man-made additives and contaminants in the food and animal feed chain. Papers are published in the areas of food additives including flavourings, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, environmental contaminants, plant toxins, mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, trace elements, migration from food packaging, food process contaminants, adulteration, authenticity and allergenicity of foods. Papers are published on animal feed where residues and contaminants can give rise to food safety concerns. Contributions cover chemistry, biochemistry and bioavailability of these substances, factors affecting levels during production, processing, packaging and storage; the development of novel foods and processes; exposure and risk assessment.