Engineering a surface functionalized Pt@SnS2/Ti3C2Tx MXene sensor with humidity tolerance and high sensitivity at room temperature for NH3 detection†

IF 10.7 2区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Journal of Materials Chemistry A Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI:10.1039/D4TA07108E
Kugalur Shanmugam Ranjith, Sonam Sonwal, Ali Mohammadi, Ganji Seeta Rama Raju, Yun Suk Huh and Young-Kyu Han
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Abstract

The design of hierarchical heterostructures that can detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at room temperature with good selectivity, sensitivity, and humidity tolerance is an intriguing and practically useful area of research. In this study, Pt@SnS2/MXene with a 0D@2D/2D hybrid structure was successfully fabricated by selectively etching Ti3C2Tx MXene with HF and following this with SnS2 solvothermal growth and finally decorating with Pt nanoparticles. Decoration of few layered vertically grown SnS2 nanoflakes with rich active sites provided an electron reservoir that promoted the selectivity, conductivity, and stability of the MXene-based ternary heterostructure during sensing applications. Post-functionalization with trimethoxypropylsilane (TES) formed a monolayer on the ternary heterostructure of Pt@SnS2/MXene by self-assembly, improved moisture resistance and sensitivity, and maximized sensor durability. Interfacial contact of the TES functionalized mixed metal interface facilitated charge transport and the spectral separation required for NH3 sensing at room temperature (Ra/Rg = 22.7, 10 ppm NH3), which was 14.2, 12.6, 8.1, and 3.3-fold greater higher than those of MXene, SnS2, SnS2/MXene, and Pt@SnS/MXene, respectively. The functionalized heterostructure exhibited high response, remarkable relative response (98.7%), a low theoretical detection limit (23 ppb), and long-term stability (nearly 30 days). Furthermore, TES functionalization protected the sensor from humidity and the sensor sensitivity was ascribed to a Schottky barrier and p–n junction at the Pt@SnS2/MXene heterostructure interface. Superior sensing responses were retained at various humidity levels due to the hydrophobicity of TES alkyl chains. In addition, TES captured free electrons on the sensing surface, and thus, maximized the width of the electron depletion layer. The functionalized Pt@SnS2/MXene heterostructure-based template offers a potential means of constructing highly sensitive and durable gas sensors suitable for practical NH3 responsive, flexible wearable electronics.

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用于检测 NH3 的表面功能化 Pt@SnS2/Ti3C2Tx MXene 传感器,具有耐湿性和室温下的高灵敏度
设计可在室温下检测挥发性有机化合物(VOC)且具有良好选择性、灵敏度和耐湿性的分层异质结构是一个有趣且实用的研究领域。在这项研究中,通过使用高频选择性地蚀刻 Ti3C2Tx MXene,然后进行 SnS2 溶剂热生长,最后用铂纳米粒子装饰,成功制备了具有 0D@2D/2D 混合结构的 Pt@SnS2/MXene。具有丰富活性位点的几层垂直生长的 SnS2 纳米片装饰提供了一个电子库,从而提高了基于 MXene 的三元异质结构在传感应用中的选择性、导电性和稳定性。三甲氧基丙基硅烷(TES)的后官能化通过自组装在 Pt@SnS2/MXene 的三元异质结构上形成单层,提高了防潮性和灵敏度,并最大限度地延长了传感器的耐用性。TES 功能化混合金属界面的界面接触促进了电荷传输和室温下 NH3 传感所需的光谱分离(Ra/Rg = 22.7,10 ppm NH3),分别比 MXene、SnS2、SnS2/MXene 和 Pt@SnS/MXene 高 14.2、12.6、8.1 和 3.3 倍。功能化异质结构具有高响应、显著的相对响应(98.7%)、低理论检测限(23 ppb)和长期稳定性(近 30 天)。此外,TES 功能化保护传感器不受湿度影响,传感器的灵敏度归因于 Pt@SnS2/MXene 异质结构界面上的肖特基势垒和 p-n 结。由于 TES 烷基链的疏水性,在各种湿度下都能保持出色的传感响应。此外,TES 还能捕获传感表面的自由电子,从而使电子耗尽层的宽度最大化。基于功能化 Pt@SnS2/MXene 异质结构的模板为构建高灵敏度和耐用的气体传感器提供了一种潜在的方法,这种传感器适用于实用的 NH3 响应型柔性可穿戴电子设备。
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来源期刊
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Journal of Materials Chemistry A CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-ENERGY & FUELS
CiteScore
19.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
1892
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C covers a wide range of high-quality studies in the field of materials chemistry, with each section focusing on specific applications of the materials studied. Journal of Materials Chemistry A emphasizes applications in energy and sustainability, including topics such as artificial photosynthesis, batteries, and fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry B focuses on applications in biology and medicine, while Journal of Materials Chemistry C covers applications in optical, magnetic, and electronic devices. Example topic areas within the scope of Journal of Materials Chemistry A include catalysis, green/sustainable materials, sensors, and water treatment, among others.
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