Selective Adipose Cryolysis for Reduction of Lingual Tissue in a Porcine Model.

Abstract

Objectives: Oropharyngeal fat volume is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. Selective adipose cryolysis may produce cold-induced adipose cell death while sparing surrounding tissues. This study explored (1) similarities in tongue fat between porcine and human models and (2) the feasibility and potential reduction of lingual fat using selective adipose cryolysis.

Study design: Porcine model.

Setting: Preclinical research laboratory under IACUC-approved protocols.

Methods: Anatomical, histological, and biochemical characterizations of tongue tissue from 6 porcine and 4 human cadaver specimens were conducted to establish comparative frameworks. Comparison of fat distribution and composition was conducted via image analysis of histological sections as well as gas chromatography analysis of fatty acid composition. Safety and efficacy of selective adipose cryolysis were evaluated in an additional 16 porcine animals using a prototype cooling system. Histological analysis examined tissue response at 3, 6, 30, and 45 d posttreatment.

Results: Comparative analysis revealed similar fat distribution and composition between human and porcine tongues. Selective adipose cryolysis induced progressive reduction in treated area tongue fat content at all timepoints, from 42% at baseline to 32% (t = 3 d) and 14% (t = 30 d), accompanied by macrophage infiltration, crown-like structure formation, and tissue remodeling.

Conclusion: Selective adipose cryolysis holds promise as a targeted therapeutic approach for reducing lingual fat in humans. The porcine model may provide valuable insight into treatment mechanisms and support initial translational work. Further research is warranted to elucidate long-term treatment outcomes and optimize clinical implementation strategies, with the goal of improving management of OSA in humans.