Quantitative characterization of global nighttime light: A method for measuring energy intensity based on radiant flux and SNPP-VIIRS data

Abstract

Nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing has become an important tool to study human activities and their impact on the environment. However, accurately and quantitatively measuring NTL has remained a challenge. In this study, we propose using radiant flux as a more precise measure of NTL energy intensity, which takes into account both radiance and image pixel area. To achieve this, we develop a conversion model from radiance to radiant flux based on the SNPP-VIIRS dataset and calculate the global radiant flux map for 2022. A validation of the model was conducted in 50 representative cities worldwide, confirming its rationality and accuracy. The use of radiant flux provides a more intuitive reflection of NTL energy intensity and eliminates system error caused by variations in pixel areas. This research emphasizes the importance of using a quantitative measurement for NTL and highlights the potential for further evaluation of socio-economic parameters and ecological impacts using NTL radiant flux.