RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ASPERGILLOSIS IN JUVENILE FALCONS IN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: PREVALENCE AND EFFECT OF HYBRIDIZATION.

IF 0.7 4区农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1638/2024-0067

Panagiotis N Azmanis, Agustin I Anzoategui, Antonio Di Somma, Stergios Intzes, Marianthi Symeonidou, Tom Bailey

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Abstract

Aspergillosis is the most important disease in hunting/racing falcons in the Middle East. Based on clinical observations, the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) is considered to be more susceptible than other species of falcons, whereas it has been hypothesized that their hybrids might be more resistant. This retrospective study examined the endoscopic results of 3,754 captive-bred juvenile falcons of three different species and their hybrids, admitted to Dubai Falcon Hospital in their first year in the UAE over a 14-year period. A control cohort of confirmed genetic origin from Dubai Falcon Center was also examined. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 887 falcons. The overall prevalence, regardless of species, was 24%. Gyrfalcons (F. rusticolus) had a prevalence of 27%, peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) of 18%, and saker falcons (Falco cherrug) of 26%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of aspergillosis between the total hybrid population and the total purebred population. Among purebreds, there was a statistically significant difference only between gyrfalcon and peregrine falcon, with the gyrfalcon being more sensitive. Additionally, the gyrfalcon had a statistically higher prevalence of aspergillosis than the total population of gyrfalcon hybrids. The most resistant hybrid proved to be the gyrfalcon × peregrine (prevalence 20%). This was also verified in the Dubai Falcon Center cohort. In assessment of two main gyrfalcon hybrids in accordance with their parental ancestors, the gyrfalcon-peregrine hybrid proved to be more resistant than the gyrfalcon ancestry, but not the peregrine ancestry. The gyrfalcon-saker presented numerically higher prevalence (30%) than both parents (gyrfalcon, saker falcon), showing outbreeding depression. There was no statistically significant difference between captive-bred sakers (prevalence 24%) and legally harvested wild-caught sakers from Mongolia (prevalence 26%). This work partially confirmed the clinical hypothesis of gyrfalcon sensitivity and hybrid superiority regarding aspergillosis prevalence, only in relation to the peregrine falcon and the gyrfalcon-peregrine hybrid.

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阿拉伯联合酋长国幼鹰曲霉病的回顾性研究：杂交的流行和影响。

曲霉病是中东猎鹰/赛鹰中最重要的疾病。根据临床观察，灰隼（Falco rusticolus）被认为比其他种类的隼更容易受到感染，而它们的杂交品种可能更有抵抗力。这项回顾性研究检查了在阿联酋迪拜猎鹰医院第一年收治的3,754只人工饲养的三种不同物种的幼鹰及其杂交后代的内窥镜检查结果，历时14年。还检查了来自迪拜猎鹰中心的确认遗传来源的对照队列。在887只猎鹰中诊断出曲霉病。无论何种物种，总患病率为24%。灰隼（F. rusticolus）的患病率为27%，游隼（Falco peregrinus）的患病率为18%，萨克隼（Falco cherrug）的患病率为26%。杂交种群和纯种种群的曲霉病患病率无显著差异。纯种中，只有隼和游隼有统计学差异，且隼更敏感。此外，在统计上，回旋隼的曲霉病患病率高于回旋隼杂交种群的总数。最具抗性的杂交品种是隼×游隼（患病率20%）。这在迪拜猎鹰中心的队列中也得到了证实。根据其亲本祖先对两种主要的旋隼杂交种进行了评估，结果表明旋隼-游隼杂交种的抗性强于旋隼祖先，而强于游隼祖先。隼-saker在数值上的患病率（30%）高于双亲（gyrfalcon, saker falcon），表现出远交抑制。人工饲养的沙鱼（患病率24%）和蒙古合法捕捞的沙鱼（患病率26%）之间没有统计学上的显著差异。本研究部分证实了隼对曲霉病患病率敏感和杂交优势的临床假设，但仅限于游隼和隼-游隼杂交。

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来源期刊

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

14.30%

发文量

审稿时长

9-24 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine (JZWM) is considered one of the major sources of information on the biology and veterinary aspects in the field. It stems from the founding premise of AAZV to share zoo animal medicine experiences. The Journal evolved from the long history of members producing case reports and the increased publication of free-ranging wildlife papers. The Journal accepts manuscripts of original research findings, case reports in the field of veterinary medicine dealing with captive and free-ranging wild animals, brief communications regarding clinical or research observations that may warrant publication. It also publishes and encourages submission of relevant editorials, reviews, special reports, clinical challenges, abstracts of selected articles and book reviews. The Journal is published quarterly, is peer reviewed, is indexed by the major abstracting services, and is international in scope and distribution. Areas of interest include clinical medicine, surgery, anatomy, radiology, physiology, reproduction, nutrition, parasitology, microbiology, immunology, pathology (including infectious diseases and clinical pathology), toxicology, pharmacology, and epidemiology.