The Applicability of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide Behavior Among Junior High School Students in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.

Abstract

Background: The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTSB) is widely applied to explain non-fatal suicide behaviors, but yet to be tested empirically with a Ghanaian sample.

Aims: Using a total of 800 junior high school students (JHS) in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, this study tests the utility of the IPTSB with the aim of having a better understanding of how suicide behavior is occurring among this young generation of Ghanaians.

Materials and methods: The study used the WHO-CIDI's self-reported measures on suicide behavior and the Interpersonal needs questionnaire, which measures the elements of the IPTSB. Structural equation modeling was performed using Mplus to test the overall fit of the model as well as associations among the predictor variables and outcome variables.

Results: The study found the IPTSB was significant for explaining 12-month and lifetime suicide behaviors in the sample. Also, 12-month suicide attempt was significantly associated with increased 12-month suicide ideation, increased acquired capability and increased perceived burdensomeness. In addition, 12-month suicide ideation was significantly associated with increased thwarted belongingness and increased perceived burdensomeness.

Discussion and conclusion: This study provides new information for clinicians and policy makers working to reduce suicide behavior among Ghanaian adolescents.