Recovery of lithium hydroxide from discarded lithium-ion batteries

IF 1.9 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Bulletin of Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI:10.1007/s12034-024-03356-4

Anoop S Kumar, K Ramaswamy, Dhvani B Purohit, Priyadarshini Bais, K Venkatesham, Neha Mohiuddin, S Rajesh Kumar, R Ratheesh, Ajay Kaushal

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Abstract

Recovery of lithium (Li) compounds from various Li resources is attracting attention due to the increased demand in Li-ion battery industry. Current work presents an innovative route for selective recovery of lithium content in the form of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H₂O) from discarded LIBs. Lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) with purity > 99% is recovered from black mass. The recovered Li₂CO₃ is then crystallised to LiOH·H₂O by using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) as the base. The method comprises of: (i) pre-treatment of LIB black mass powder; (ii) selective extraction of Li content from black mass; (iii) crystallisation and solid–liquid separation to recover LiOH·H₂O as final recovered product. A total of 0.1933 wt.% impurities comprising of Ca, Al, Cu and Fe were detected in the recovered product. Elemental analysis at each processing step was carried out using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Structural properties of the recovered materials are analysed by using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum of recovered product was found consistent with the formation of LiOH·H₂O. The LiOH·H₂O is successfully recovered from discarded LIBs with purity of 99.8%, which finds its potential use as secondary raw material in battery manufacturing, Li-based high temperature grease manufacturing, carbon dioxide scrubbing in space craft and submarines, etc.

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从废弃锂离子电池中回收氢氧化锂

随着锂离子电池行业需求的增加，从各种锂资源中回收锂化合物成为人们关注的焦点。目前的工作提出了一种从废弃的锂离子电池中选择性回收一水氢氧化锂（LiOH·H2O）形式的锂含量的创新途径。纯度>的碳酸锂（Li2CO3）；99%是从黑色物质中回收的。然后以氢氧化钙（Ca(OH)2）为碱，将回收的Li2CO3结晶为LiOH·H2O。该方法包括：(1)LIB黑色块状粉末的预处理；（ii）从黑色物质中选择性提取Li含量；（iii）结晶和固液分离，回收LiOH·H2O作为最终回收产物。回收产物中Ca、Al、Cu、Fe杂质含量为0.1933 wt.%。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对各处理步骤进行元素分析。利用x射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜分析了回收材料的结构特性。回收产物的红外傅立叶变换光谱与LiOH·H2O的形成过程一致。从废弃的锂离子电池中成功回收了纯度为99.8%的LiOH·H2O，在电池制造、锂基高温润滑脂制造、航天器和潜艇二氧化碳洗涤等方面具有潜在的二次原料应用前景。

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Materials Science 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.60%

发文量

209

审稿时长

11.5 months

期刊介绍： The Bulletin of Materials Science is a bi-monthly journal being published by the Indian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with the Materials Research Society of India and the Indian National Science Academy. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles and rapid communications in all areas of materials science. The journal also publishes from time to time important Conference Symposia/ Proceedings which are of interest to materials scientists. It has an International Advisory Editorial Board and an Editorial Committee. The Bulletin accords high importance to the quality of articles published and to keep at a minimum the processing time of papers submitted for publication.