Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Kenya - sexually transmitted and ocular infections: a scoping review.

IF 3.1 Q1 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Therapeutic advances in reproductive health Pub Date : 2024-12-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1177/26334941241305825
Aarman Sohaili, Servaas A Morre, Pierre P M Thomas
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Abstract

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is differentiated into three biovars associated with distinct clinical syndromes, ranging from trachoma, the world's cause of preventable blindness, to the most common sexually transmitted infection. This variability underscores CT's significant impact on public health, particularly in low-resource settings. In Kenya, where the demographic is predominantly younger, the burden of CT remains poorly understood and potentially underestimated.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of both sexually transmitted and ocular CT across various regions and populations within Kenya.

Eligibility criteria: Articles on CT population testing and laboratory detection, from 2014 to date, in English or Swahili only.

Sources of evidence: Electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were used.

Design: A scoping review.

Charting methods: This study conducted a systematic scoping review, following Arksey and O'Malley's framework and adhering to PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Results: This study incorporates findings from 19 original studies on sexually transmitted CT and seven on ocular CT. CT prevalence for four identified populations: sexually active females 2%-13%, men who have sex with men 1.3%-51%, pregnant women 2.5%-14.9% and other population groups 2.8%-16.4%. By contrast, studies on ocular CT, all performed in rural settings, found prevalence surpassing the WHO's 10% threshold primarily amongst children and mothers.

Conclusion: The variability in CT prevalence across different demographics and geographical regions emphasizes the impact of socio-economic, environmental and diagnostic factors on disease transmission and detection. The insights gained here can serve as a foundation for evidence-based health policies and interventions aimed at mitigating the burden of CT in Kenya.

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肯尼亚沙眼衣原体感染——性传播感染和眼部感染:范围综述。
背景:沙眼衣原体(CT)是一种革兰氏阴性细胞内细菌,被分化为与不同临床综合征相关的三种生物变体,从沙眼(世界上可预防失明的原因)到最常见的性传播感染。这种可变性强调了CT对公共卫生的重大影响,特别是在资源匮乏的环境中。在人口结构以年轻人为主的肯尼亚,CT的负担仍然知之甚少,而且可能被低估。目的:本研究旨在评估肯尼亚不同地区和人群中性传播和眼CT的患病率。入选标准:2014年至今有关CT人群检测和实验室检测的文章,仅英文或斯瓦希里语。证据来源:使用PubMed和谷歌Scholar的电子数据库。设计:范围审查。制图方法:本研究遵循Arksey和O'Malley的框架,并遵循PRISMA的范围评估指南(PRISMA- scr),进行了系统的范围评估。结果:本研究纳入了19项性传播CT和7项眼部CT的原始研究结果。四种确定人群的CT患病率:性活跃女性2%-13%,男男性行为者1.3%-51%,孕妇2.5%-14.9%,其他人群2.8%-16.4%。相比之下,在农村环境中进行的眼部CT研究发现,患病率超过世卫组织10%的阈值,主要是儿童和母亲。结论:不同人口和地理区域CT患病率的差异强调了社会经济、环境和诊断因素对疾病传播和发现的影响。在此获得的见解可以作为旨在减轻肯尼亚CT负担的循证卫生政策和干预措施的基础。
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