Advances in theories and models of cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction: A narrative review.

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with its high mortality and recurrence rates significantly impacting patients' quality of life and prognosis. Cardiac rehabilitation, as a comprehensive intervention strategy, plays a crucial role in improving outcomes for AMI patients. The aims to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the theoretical foundations and practical models of cardiac rehabilitation following AMI, providing healthcare professionals with up-to-date research advances and practical guidance. We systematically searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant literature published between 2010 and 2023, selecting and analyzing high-quality studies related to theories and models of cardiac rehabilitation after AMI. This review elaborates on 7 major theories and models of cardiac rehabilitation, including the transtheoretical model, information-motivation-behavioral skills model, and self-determination theory. Analysis indicates that these theories and models have positive effects on improving patients' quality of life, enhancing treatment adherence, and reducing rehospitalization rates. However, the applicability of different theories and models varies across cultural backgrounds and healthcare systems. Significant progress has been made in the research of theories and models for cardiac rehabilitation after AMI. However, further large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to validate their long-term effectiveness. Future research should focus on integrating these theories and models with emerging technologies to enhance the accessibility and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation.