Genetic Diversity and Drought Stress Tolerance of a Global Collection of Pearl Millet at Germination and Early Seedling Growth Stages.

IF 2.1 4区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biochemical Genetics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI:10.1007/s10528-024-10965-5

Haitham Saleh, Abdelfattah Badr, Ehab M Zayed, Elham R S Soliman

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Abstract

Pearl millet {Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br} is a C4 panicoid cereal millet crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions in Africa and Asia for food and fodder. This study involves the evaluation of the genetic diversity of 28 worldwide germplasm collection of pearl millet by genetic markers polymorphism and drought tolerance indices. The genetic diversity was expressed by 51 alleles of 9 ISSR markers that showed 96.43% total polymorphism and 11.76 alleles per marker. Cluster analysis of ISSR markers polymorphism divided the 28 genotypes into four clusters partially in agreement with their origin. The application of drought stress simulated by 20% PEG₆₀₀₀ treatment, retarded the germination percentage, and reduced shoot and root length, seedling fresh and dry weights. Drought tolerance indices (DTIs) were calculated based on the response of the seedling traits under drought stress compared to the control seedlings. ANOVA revealed statistically significant variation among the genotypes (P ≤ 0.05), except for seedling fresh weight (P = 0.17 > 0.05) under control conditions and seedling dry weight (P = 0.99 > 0.05) under drought conditions. Genotypes having higher DTIs for three traits are regarded drought resistant, i.e., those from India, Ethiopia, Pakistan, and Nigeria. The calculated heritability values indicated that seedlings dry weight is the least trait affected by drought stress whereas root length is the most influenced trait. Hierarchical clustering, based on the DTI values, also grouped the genotypes partially concomitant to their origin. The correlation analysis demonstrated a modest positive correlation between shoot length and root length. A low correlation of r ≤ 0.12 was observed between the morphological DTI matrix and the genetic matrix. Nevertheless, high levels of genetic diversity were identified among the examined genotypes that may face genetic erosion by climatic constraints, and a high potential for creating agronomically superior cultivars by crossing widely divergent genotypes.

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全球珍珠粟种子萌发和幼苗生长早期的遗传多样性和抗旱性

珍珠粟（Pennisetum glaucum）是一种C4类圆锥谷子作物，生长在非洲和亚洲的干旱和半干旱地区，用作食物和饲料。利用遗传标记多态性和抗旱性指标对世界范围内28份珍珠粟种质资源的遗传多样性进行了评价。9个ISSR标记的51个等位基因表达了遗传多样性，多态性率为96.43%，每个标记有11.76个等位基因。ISSR标记多态性聚类分析将28个基因型部分划分为4个聚类，与基因型的来源一致。以20% PEG6000处理模拟干旱胁迫，其发芽率降低，茎长、根长、苗鲜重和干重减少。根据幼苗性状在干旱胁迫下的响应，与对照苗进行比较，计算耐旱性指数。方差分析显示，除对照条件下幼苗鲜重（P = 0.17 > 0.05）和干旱条件下幼苗干重（P = 0.99 > 0.05）差异显著外，各基因型间差异均有统计学意义（P≤0.05）。在三个性状上具有较高dti的基因型被认为是抗旱的，即来自印度、埃塞俄比亚、巴基斯坦和尼日利亚的基因型。计算的遗传力值表明，幼苗干重是受干旱胁迫影响最小的性状，而根系长度是受干旱胁迫影响最大的性状。基于DTI值的分层聚类也对与其起源部分伴随的基因型进行了分组。相关分析表明，茎长与根长呈适度正相关。形态DTI矩阵与遗传矩阵呈r≤0.12的低相关。尽管如此，在所研究的基因型中发现了高水平的遗传多样性，这些基因型可能面临气候限制的遗传侵蚀，并且通过杂交广泛不同的基因型创造农艺优良品种的潜力很大。

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来源期刊

Biochemical Genetics 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

133

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： Biochemical Genetics welcomes original manuscripts that address and test clear scientific hypotheses, are directed to a broad scientific audience, and clearly contribute to the advancement of the field through the use of sound sampling or experimental design, reliable analytical methodologies and robust statistical analyses. Although studies focusing on particular regions and target organisms are welcome, it is not the journal’s goal to publish essentially descriptive studies that provide results with narrow applicability, or are based on very small samples or pseudoreplication. Rather, Biochemical Genetics welcomes review articles that go beyond summarizing previous publications and create added value through the systematic analysis and critique of the current state of knowledge or by conducting meta-analyses. Methodological articles are also within the scope of Biological Genetics, particularly when new laboratory techniques or computational approaches are fully described and thoroughly compared with the existing benchmark methods. Biochemical Genetics welcomes articles on the following topics: Genomics; Proteomics; Population genetics; Phylogenetics; Metagenomics; Microbial genetics; Genetics and evolution of wild and cultivated plants; Animal genetics and evolution; Human genetics and evolution; Genetic disorders; Genetic markers of diseases; Gene technology and therapy; Experimental and analytical methods; Statistical and computational methods.