The efficacy of using continuous glucose monitoring as a behaviour change tool in populations with and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

IF 5.6 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI:10.1186/s12966-024-01692-6
Kelli M Richardson, Michelle R Jospe, Lauren C Bohlen, Jacob Crawshaw, Ahlam A Saleh, Susan M Schembre
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Abstract

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) holds potential as a precision public health intervention, offering personalised insights into how diet and physical activity affect glucose levels. Nevertheless, the efficacy of using CGM in populations with and without diabetes to support behaviour change and behaviour-driven outcomes remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines whether using CGM-based feedback to support behaviour change affects glycaemic, anthropometric, and behavioural outcomes in adults with and without diabetes.

Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Elsevier Embase, EBSCOhost PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global were searched through January 2024. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials in adults that implemented CGM-based feedback in at least one study arm compared to a control without CGM feedback. Dual screening, data extraction, and bias assessment were conducted independently. Mean differences in outcomes between intervention and comparison groups were analysed using generic inverse variance models and random effects. Robustness of pooled estimates from random-effects models was considered with sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Results: Twenty-five clinical trials with 2996 participants were included. Most studies were conducted in adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 17/25; 68%), followed by type 1 diabetes (n = 3/25, 12%), gestational diabetes (n = 3/25, 12%), and obesity (n = 3/25, 12%). Eleven (44%) studies reported CGM-affiliated conflicts of interest. Interventions incorporating CGM-based feedback reduced HbA1c by 0.28% (95% CI 0.15, 0.42, p < 0.001; I2 = 88%), and increased time in range by 7.4% (95% CI 2.0, 12.8, p < 0.008; I2 = 80.5%) compared to arms without CGM, with non-significant effects on time above range, BMI, and weight. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent mean differences in HbA1c across different conditions, and differences between subgroups were non-significant. Only 4/25 studies evaluated the effect of CGM on dietary changes; 5/25 evaluated physical activity.

Conclusions: This evidence synthesis found favourable, though modest, effects of CGM-based feedback on glycaemic control in adults with and without diabetes. Further research is needed to establish the behaviours and behavioural mechanisms driving the observed effects across diverse populations.

Trial registration: CRD42024514135.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.80
自引率
3.40%
发文量
138
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (IJBNPA) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal offering high quality articles, rapid publication and wide diffusion in the public domain. IJBNPA is devoted to furthering the understanding of the behavioral aspects of diet and physical activity and is unique in its inclusion of multiple levels of analysis, including populations, groups and individuals and its inclusion of epidemiology, and behavioral, theoretical and measurement research areas.
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