{"title":"Mitochondrial tRNA modifications: functions, diseases caused by their loss, and treatment strategies.","authors":"Takeshi Chujo, Kazuhito Tomizawa","doi":"10.1261/rna.080257.124","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) modifications play pivotal roles in decoding and sustaining tRNA stability, thereby enabling synthesis of essential respiratory complex proteins in mitochondria. Consequently, loss of human mt-tRNA modifications caused by mutations in the mitochondrial or nuclear genome can cause life-threatening mitochondrial diseases such as encephalopathy and cardiomyopathy. In this article, we first provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of mt-tRNA modifications, the responsible modification enzymes, and the diseases caused by loss of mt-tRNA modifications. We then discuss progress and potential strategies to treat these diseases, including taurine supplementation for MELAS patients, targeted deletion of mtDNA variants, and overexpression of modification-related proteins. Finally, we discuss factors that need to be overcome to cure 'mitochondrial tRNA modopathies'.</p>","PeriodicalId":21401,"journal":{"name":"RNA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"RNA","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1261/rna.080257.124","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) modifications play pivotal roles in decoding and sustaining tRNA stability, thereby enabling synthesis of essential respiratory complex proteins in mitochondria. Consequently, loss of human mt-tRNA modifications caused by mutations in the mitochondrial or nuclear genome can cause life-threatening mitochondrial diseases such as encephalopathy and cardiomyopathy. In this article, we first provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of mt-tRNA modifications, the responsible modification enzymes, and the diseases caused by loss of mt-tRNA modifications. We then discuss progress and potential strategies to treat these diseases, including taurine supplementation for MELAS patients, targeted deletion of mtDNA variants, and overexpression of modification-related proteins. Finally, we discuss factors that need to be overcome to cure 'mitochondrial tRNA modopathies'.
期刊介绍：
RNA is a monthly journal which provides rapid publication of significant original research in all areas of RNA structure and function in eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral systems. It covers a broad range of subjects in RNA research, including: structural analysis by biochemical or biophysical means; mRNA structure, function and biogenesis; alternative processing: cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors; ribosome structure and function; translational control; RNA catalysis; tRNA structure, function, biogenesis and identity; RNA editing; rRNA structure, function and biogenesis; RNA transport and localization; regulatory RNAs; large and small RNP structure, function and biogenesis; viral RNA metabolism; RNA stability and turnover; in vitro evolution; and RNA chemistry.
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