Synthesis Strategies and Anti-parasitic Evaluation of Novel Compounds for Chagas Disease: Advancing Drug Discovery through Structure-Activity Relationships

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the synthesis of novel compounds targeting Chagas Disease (CD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is a global health threat with over 6-7 million infections worldwide. Addressing challenges in current treatments, the investigation explores diverse compound classes, including thiazoles, thiazolidinone, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,6-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyridine, pyrrole, naphthoquinone, neolignan, benzeneacyl hydrazones, and chalcones-based compounds. Highlighting compounds with superior trypanocidal activity compared to standard drugs. The study elucidates structure-activity relationships, emphasizing the impact of substituents, fluorine presence, and substitution patterns. Noteworthy findings include neolignan derivatives demonstrating efficacy against intracellular amastigotes and free-moving trypomastigotes, with unsaturated side chains. Benzeneacylhydrazones and chalcones, as novel classes, showed varied efficacy, with certain compounds surpassing benznidazole. A novel series of triketone compounds exhibited strong anti-parasitic activity, outperforming standard drugs. Docking study revealed that the halogen and methoxy substituted phenyl ring, thiazole, thiazolidine-4-one, quinoline, isoindoline-1,3-dione, pyrrole heterocyclic motifs can play the key role in the designing of effective inhibitors of T. cruzi. Mutually, these insights placed the foundation for the development of innovative and effective treatments for CD, addressing the urgent need for improved therapeutic options.