Preoperative surgical planning MRI for fibroids: What the surgeon needs to know and what to report.

Abstract

Uterine leiomyomata, commonly known as fibroids, are prevalent benign tumours affecting a significant percentage of women of reproductive age. Although many patients remain asymptomatic, a substantial proportion experience severe symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding and adverse reproductive outcomes. Surgical intervention often becomes necessary for patients with symptomatic fibroids, despite advancements in medical therapies. This article explores the critical role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the preoperative planning and management of fibroid surgeries. MRI has been proven superior to traditional imaging methods, such as transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), offering a more accurate evaluation of fibroid size, location, number, and characteristics. This enhanced imaging aids in surgical planning by providing detailed anatomical insights, helping gynaecologists choose the appropriate surgical techniques and predict potential complications. Moreover, MRI is instrumental in assessing the risk of malignancy, guiding decisions on whether to proceed with myomectomy or hysterectomy. Technological advancements, such as 3D MRI modelling and augmented reality, promise further improvements in surgical outcomes by enhancing anatomical understanding and precision. These innovations, along with artificial intelligence integration, show potential in reducing operation times and improving patient outcomes. This review underscores the essential role of MRI in contemporary fibroid management and highlights future directions in the field.