The Evaluation of Right Ventricular Synchrony by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Abstract

Objectives

Numerous studies have demonstrated impaired right ventricular (RV) synchronicity in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, few studies have focused on connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated PAH. This study evaluates RV dyssynchrony and its prognostic value in CTD-associated PAH.

Methods

One hundred thirteen CTD patients and 32 healthy controls were consecutively recruited. The patients were further divided into two groups: the CTD-nonPAH group (sPAP ˂ 36 mmHg, n = 60) and the CTD-PAH group (sPAP ≥ 36 mm Hg, n = 53). RV dyssynchrony was evaluated by determining the standard deviation of the heart rate–corrected intervals from QRS onset to peak strain for the four segments (RV-SD4) using 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). All patients were followed up, and the primary endpoint was clinical worsening.

Results

Compared to the health control, the CTD patients exhibited obviously prolonged RV-SD4 (13.3 ± 6.8 ms vs. 41.2 ± 36.5 ms, p < 0.001). Among 113 CTD patients, the CTD-PAH patients had longer RV-SD4 than the CTD-nonPAH patients (20.8 ± 9.9 ms vs. 64.3 ± 41.6 ms, p < 0.001). RV-SD4 was moderately positively correlated with RV longitudinal strain (r = 0.632, p < 0.001), sPAP (r = 0.644, p < 0.001), and were negatively correlated with TAPSE (r = –0.547, p < 0.001), and FAC (r = –0.611, p < 0.001). In the follow-up, 23 patients experienced clinical worsening. The ROC analysis suggested that RV-SD4 level >60.6 ms predicted clinical worsening with 91.3% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity (AUC = 0.891, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that TAPSE (HR = 0.739; 95% CI 0.623–0.878; p = 0.001) and RV-SD4 (HR = 6.148; 95% CI 1.718–22.000; p = 0.005) were independent predictive parameters of clinical worsening.

Conclusion

CTD patients exhibit impaired RV synchronicity, which is linked to RV function and pulmonary artery pressure. RV dyssynchrony could predict clinical worsening in CTD-PAH.