A Positive Relationship Between Caffeine Intake and Endometriosis: A Cross-Sectional Study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI:10.1111/jhn.70005

Rongyan Qin, Yuni Yang, Baoli Xie, Yingqing Huang, Yuying Guo, Yanhui Li, Jiaxin Yu, Ming Liao, Aiping Qin

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Abstract

Background

Caffeine has been suggested to have a relationship with endometriosis as a widely consumed psychoactive substance, although findings are inconsistent.

Objective

This study explored the potential associations and threshold effects between caffeine intake and endometriosis using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2006.

Methods

The study included 248 women with endometriosis and 2944 without, aged 20–50 years. Caffeine intake was assessed through a 24-h dietary recall, and endometriosis was identified via self-report. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between caffeine intake and endometriosis, adjusting for age, race, body mass index, marital status, education, ever pregnant, smoke, drink, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, energy, protein, total fat and dietary fibre. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was employed to examine nonlinear relationships and threshold effects.

Results

This study found a significant correlation between endometriosis and caffeine intake, with both high and low levels associated with the condition (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.42, p = 0.011 for high; OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.44, p = 0.028 for low). Their relationship is still significant after adjustment for covariates. This suggests a complex dose–response relationship, confirmed by RCS regression, which revealed a U-shaped curve. Endometriosis incidence was lowest at 170.25 mg/day caffeine intake.

Conclusion

The research suggests that an optimal caffeine intake is 170.25 mg/day, with both higher and lower levels associated with endometriosis. We acknowledge that the cross-sectional design limits causal inference and that reliance on self-reported data may introduce bias. Nevertheless, our findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into the dose–response relationship between caffeine intake and endometriosis.

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咖啡因摄入与子宫内膜异位症的正相关：1999-2006年全国健康与营养调查的横断面研究。

背景：咖啡因作为一种广泛使用的精神活性物质被认为与子宫内膜异位症有关，尽管研究结果并不一致。目的：本研究利用1999年至2006年国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）的横断面数据，探讨咖啡因摄入与子宫内膜异位症之间的潜在关联和阈值效应。方法：研究对象为子宫内膜异位症248例，非子宫内膜异位症2944例，年龄20 ~ 50岁。通过24小时的饮食回顾来评估咖啡因摄入量，通过自我报告来确定子宫内膜异位症。在调整了年龄、种族、体重指数、婚姻状况、教育程度、是否怀孕、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、能量、蛋白质、总脂肪和膳食纤维等因素后，采用Logistic回归模型调查咖啡因摄入与子宫内膜异位症之间的关系。采用限制三次样条（RCS）回归分析非线性关系和阈值效应。结果：本研究发现子宫内膜异位症与咖啡因摄入之间存在显著相关性，高或低水平的咖啡因摄入均与此病相关(OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.42, p = 0.011；OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.44, p = 0.028（低）。在协变量调整后，两者的关系仍然显著。这表明存在复杂的剂量-反应关系，RCS回归显示为u型曲线。子宫内膜异位症的发生率在170.25 mg/天咖啡因摄入量时最低。结论：研究表明，咖啡因的最佳摄入量为170.25毫克/天，高或低的摄入量都与子宫内膜异位症有关。我们承认，横断面设计限制了因果推断，对自我报告数据的依赖可能会引入偏见。然而，我们的发现为进一步研究咖啡因摄入与子宫内膜异位症之间的剂量-反应关系奠定了基础。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 医学-营养学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.20%

发文量

133

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on: - Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics - Clinical and professional guidelines - Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology - Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology - Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness - Obesity, weight control and body composition - Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments. - Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status - Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition - The journal does not publish animal research The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.