Wastewater Treatment using Innovative Green-Synthesized rGO, TiO2NPs, and rGO/TiO2 Nanocomposite: Structural, Morphological, Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Photocatalytic Studies

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI:10.1007/s11270-024-07692-3

Ola M. El-Borady

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Abstract

Recently, innovative research focused on combining 2D nanosheet materials with semiconducting metal oxide for several industrial applications. Notably, for wastewater treatment, new techniques were developed by experts to mitigate environmental hazards. The TiO₂/reduced graphene (rGO) nanocomposite has recently attracted interest due to its superior activity in diverse fields, particularly water treatment. This study compares and evaluates the environmental application of innovative and eco-friendly synthesized TiO₂NPs, rGO, and TiO₂/rGO nanocomposite using Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua) extract. Extensive morphological, structural, spectroscopic, thermal, and surface charge analysis was performed, including TEM, AFM, SEM mapping, X-ray diffraction, UV–visible, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, EDX, TGA, and the Zeta Potential analysis were performed to bring out the properties of synthesized nanomaterials. In addition, the phenolic compounds determined (30.78 ± 0.1 µg/mL) in the pods' extract confirmed their role in the reduction process to form rGO and TiO₂NPs. Furthermore, the three designed nanomaterials were applied as adsorbent candidates for heavy metals and as photocatalysts for removing industrial dye from wastewater. The nanocomposite exhibited the highest absorption capacity for Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺. Also, the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposite demonstrated a significant improvement in Methylene Blue (MB) dye elimination (90%, 15 min) compared to free TiO₂NPs (87.5%, 150 min). The findings reveal that the green synthesized rGO/TiO₂ nanocomposite can be used to improve the removal of heavy metals and dye contaminants from wastewater.

Graphical Abstract

Represents the green synthesis of rGO, TiO₂, and rGO/TiO₂ nanocomposite using carob extract and their potential application in wastewater treatment

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绿色合成rGO、TiO2NPs和rGO/TiO2纳米复合材料处理废水：结构、形态、光谱、热和光催化研究

近年来，创新研究的重点是将二维纳米片材料与半导体金属氧化物结合起来，用于几种工业应用。值得注意的是，在废水处理方面，专家们开发了新技术，以减轻环境危害。二氧化钛/还原石墨烯（rGO）纳米复合材料由于其在不同领域，特别是水处理领域的优异活性，最近引起了人们的兴趣。本研究比较和评价了以角豆荚（Ceratonia siliqua）提取物为原料的创新型环保合成TiO2纳米粒子、氧化石墨烯和TiO2/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的环境应用。进行了广泛的形态、结构、光谱、热和表面电荷分析，包括TEM、AFM、SEM作图、x射线衍射、uv -可见、FTIR、拉曼光谱、EDX、TGA和Zeta电位分析，以得出合成纳米材料的性能。此外，在豆荚提取物中测定的酚类化合物（30.78±0.1µg/mL）证实了它们在还原过程中形成rGO和TiO2NPs的作用。此外，设计的三种纳米材料作为重金属的吸附剂和光催化剂用于去除废水中的工业染料。纳米复合材料对Zn2+、Ni2+、Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附能力最强。此外，纳米复合材料的光催化性能表明，与游离tio2纳米粒子（87.5%，150分钟）相比，亚甲基蓝（MB）染料去除率（90%，15分钟）有显著提高。研究结果表明，绿色合成的rGO/TiO2纳米复合材料可用于提高废水中重金属和染料污染物的去除率。图摘要：介绍了利用角豆提取物绿色合成rGO、TiO2和rGO/TiO2纳米复合材料及其在废水处理中的潜在应用

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.