5G Remote Robot-Assisted Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery: A Report of Five Cases and a Literature Review

IF 2.3 3区医学 Q2 SURGERY International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI:10.1002/rcs.70027

Yuxin Fan, Chao Ma, Xinyu Wu, Tianyong Cai, Xiao Liang, Zheyong Li, Xiujun Cai

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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to explore the feasibility and safety of using 5G communication technology for domestic surgical robots to perform ultra-remote hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of five cases of ultra-remote domestic robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery completed at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (referred to as Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Alaer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (referred to as Alaer city, Xinjiang) from February to September 2023. The main system of the operating desk at Hangzhou, Zhejiang, uses 5G network signal transmission to remotely control the bedside operating system at Alaer City, Xinjiang. The physical distance between the two locations is 4670.2 km, and the network communication distance is 5031.2 km. The operators and assistants are immobilised.

Results

The operations were successful. The number of network image frames was 50, the median delay was 73 (70.25–126.1) ms, and the median operation time was 39 (31–128) min. The median intraoperative blood loss was 2 (2–30) mL. No occurrence of network disruption or data packet loss was observed. One case of instrument adverse event occurred, and the patient returned to normal after replacement. The median times taken to get out of bed, ventilation, and hospitalisation were 19 (15–46) h, 2 (2–4) d, and 3 (3–13) d, respectively. According to the Clavien–Dindo classification, the postoperative complications in one patient were Grade I; no other surgical complications were observed. No abnormalities were observed in the patients after a 30-day re-examination. All patients successfully recovered after a 2-month follow-up.

Conclusions

It is safe and feasible for domestic robots to perform 5G remote robot-assisted hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.

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5G远程机器人辅助肝胆胰手术5例报告并文献复习

背景：本研究旨在探讨国产手术机器人使用5G通信技术进行超远程肝胆胰手术的可行性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析2023年2 - 9月在浙江大学医学院邵逸夫爵士医院（以下简称浙江杭州）和浙江大学医学院阿拉尔医院邵逸夫爵士医院（以下简称新疆阿拉尔市）完成的5例超远程家用机器人辅助腹腔镜肝胆胰手术的临床资料。浙江杭州手术台主系统采用5G网络信号传输，远程控制新疆阿拉尔床头操作系统。两个地点之间的物理距离为4670.2 km，网络通信距离为5031.2 km。操作员和助手是固定的。结果：手术成功。网络图像帧数50帧，平均延迟73 (70.25-126.1)ms，平均手术时间39 (31-128)min，平均术中出血量2 (2-30)mL，未发生网络中断和数据包丢失。1例器械不良事件发生，患者置换后恢复正常。下床、换气和住院的中位时间分别为19（15-46）小时、2（2-4）天和3（3-13）天。根据Clavien-Dindo分类，1例患者术后并发症为I级；无其他手术并发症。30天后复查，未见异常。随访2个月后，所有患者均成功康复。结论：国产机器人进行5G远程机器人辅助肝胆胰手术是安全可行的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 医学-外科

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

12.00%

发文量

131

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery provides a cross-disciplinary platform for presenting the latest developments in robotics and computer assisted technologies for medical applications. The journal publishes cutting-edge papers and expert reviews, complemented by commentaries, correspondence and conference highlights that stimulate discussion and exchange of ideas. Areas of interest include robotic surgery aids and systems, operative planning tools, medical imaging and visualisation, simulation and navigation, virtual reality, intuitive command and control systems, haptics and sensor technologies. In addition to research and surgical planning studies, the journal welcomes papers detailing clinical trials and applications of computer-assisted workflows and robotic systems in neurosurgery, urology, paediatric, orthopaedic, craniofacial, cardiovascular, thoraco-abdominal, musculoskeletal and visceral surgery. Articles providing critical analysis of clinical trials, assessment of the benefits and risks of the application of these technologies, commenting on ease of use, or addressing surgical education and training issues are also encouraged. The journal aims to foster a community that encompasses medical practitioners, researchers, and engineers and computer scientists developing robotic systems and computational tools in academic and commercial environments, with the intention of promoting and developing these exciting areas of medical technology.