Efficient micromirror confinement of sub-teraelectronvolt cosmic rays in galaxy clusters

IF 12.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI:10.1038/s41550-024-02442-1

Patrick Reichherzer, Archie F. A. Bott, Robert J. Ewart, Gianluca Gregori, Philipp Kempski, Matthew W. Kunz, Alexander A. Schekochihin

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Abstract

Cosmic rays (CRs) play a pivotal role in shaping the thermal and dynamical properties of astrophysical environments, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. Recent observations suggest a stronger confinement of CRs in certain astrophysical systems than predicted by current CR-transport theories. Here, we show that the incorporation of microscale physics into CR-transport models can account for this enhanced CR confinement. We develop a theoretical description of the effect of magnetic microscale fluctuations originating from the mirror instability on macroscopic CR diffusion. We confirm our theory with large-dynamical-range simulations of CR transport in the intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters and kinetic simulations of CR transport in micromirror fields. We conclude that sub-teraelectronvolt CR confinement in the ICM is far more effective than previously anticipated on the basis of Galactic-transport extrapolations. The transformative impact of micromirrors on CR diffusion provides insights into how microphysics can reciprocally affect macroscopic dynamics and observable structures across a range of astrophysical scales.

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星系团中亚太电子伏特宇宙射线的高效微镜约束

宇宙射线（CR）在塑造星系和星系团等天体物理环境的热和动力学特性方面起着关键作用。最近的观测表明，在某些天体物理系统中，CR 的束缚比目前的 CR 传输理论所预测的更强。在这里，我们展示了将微尺度物理学纳入CR-传输模型可以解释这种增强的CR束缚。我们从理论上描述了源于镜像不稳定性的磁性微尺度波动对宏观 CR 扩散的影响。我们用星系团内介质（ICM）中的CR传输的大动态范围模拟和微镜场中CR传输的动力学模拟证实了我们的理论。我们的结论是，ICM 中亚太电子伏特的 CR 约束远比之前根据银河传输推断所预期的要有效得多。微镜对 CR 扩散的变革性影响让我们深入了解了微观物理是如何在一系列天体物理尺度上相互影响宏观动力学和可观测结构的。

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Nature Astronomy Physics and Astronomy-Astronomy and Astrophysics

CiteScore

19.50

自引率

2.80%

发文量

252

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