Implantable Batteries for Bioelectronics

Abstract

Implantable bioelectronics that interface directly with biological tissues have been widely used to alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases, restore lost or degraded body functions, and monitor health conditions in real-time. These devices have revolutionized medicine by providing continuous therapeutic interventions and diagnostics. Energy sources are the most critical components in implantable bioelectronics, as they determine operational lifetime and reliability. Compared with other energy storage and harvesting devices and wireless charging methods, batteries provide high energy density and stable power output, making them the preferred choice for many implantable applications. The advent of implantable bioelectronic devices has been significantly propelled by the high energy densities offered by lithium battery technology, which has led to a profound transformation in our daily lives.