Certain Integrable Properties and Analytic Solutions of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient Extended Korteweg-de Vries Equation with an External-Force Term for a Fluid or a Cosmic Plasma

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a generalized variable-coefficient extended Korteweg-de Vries equation with an external-force term for a fluid or a cosmic plasma. We obtain a Lax pair under some constraints via the Abolwitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur procedure. Based on that Lax pair, infinite conservation laws, Riccati- and Wahlquist-Estabrook-type auto-Bäcklund transformations are constructed. Via the Hirota method, we obtain some bilinear forms and N-soliton solutions, and derive the Hth-order breather and hybrid solutions through the complex conjugated transformations, where N and H are two positive integers. The higher-order smooth positon solutions are constructed through the limit method. Moreover, those solutions are graphically presented under some choices of the variable coefficients and parameters.