Shear contraction mechanism and mechanical behavior of shear-induced rock bridge fractures under constant normal stiffness conditions

IF 3.7 2区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI:10.1007/s10064-024-04034-9

Yuanchao Zhang, Ming Huang, Yujing Jiang, Qian Yin, Song jiang, Shengliang Ming, Jianlong Cheng

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Abstract

Shear-induced rock bridge fractures greatly threaten the stability of rock slopes and deep rock masses, owing to their connection with pre-existing discontinuities. In this research, direct shear tests on sandstone rock bridges were performed under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. The effects of rock bridge length, initial normal stress and normal stiffness on the shear behavior of rock bridges were carefully investigated, encompassing both the pre-failure (cracking phase) and post-failure (sliding phase) stages. Test results revealed that these three factors variably impact the shear strength, dilation characteristics, failure pattern and acoustic emission response of the rock bridges. In particular, normal stiffness was found to greatly affect the post-peak slip behavior. It was observed that shear-induced rock bridge fractures exhibit distinctive shear contraction characteristics, which contrast with tension-induced splitting fractures that are typically marked by shear dilation. The shear contraction mechanism of rock bridge fractures was elucidated using a conceptual cracking model, termed the TST model. This research contributes fresh insights to the comprehension of dynamic slip hazards prompted by the rupture of rock bridges in deep rock engineering.

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等法向刚度条件下剪切岩桥断裂的剪切收缩机理及力学行为

剪切型岩桥断裂由于与预先存在的不连续面相联系，严重威胁着岩质边坡和深部岩体的稳定性。在恒定法向刚度（CNS）条件下，对砂岩桥进行了直剪试验。研究了岩石桥长度、初始法向应力和法向刚度对岩石桥剪切性能的影响，包括破坏前（开裂阶段）和破坏后（滑动阶段）两个阶段。试验结果表明，这三个因素对岩石桥梁的抗剪强度、剪胀特性、破坏形态和声发射响应有不同程度的影响。特别是，法向刚度对峰后滑移行为有很大影响。研究发现，剪切诱导岩桥裂缝表现出明显的剪切收缩特征，而拉致劈裂裂缝则表现出典型的剪切扩张特征。采用概念裂缝模型TST模型阐述了岩石桥梁断裂的剪切收缩机理。该研究为深部岩石工程中对岩石桥梁破裂引起的动力滑移危害的认识提供了新的见解。

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

11.90%

发文量

445

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces: • the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations; • the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change; • the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses; • the prediction of changes to the above properties with time; • the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.