Building relational well-being: empowering street-connected young people to transition from precarity to security through youth associations.

Abstract

Street-connected young people (SCYP) in Tanzania face intersecting challenges, including economic vulnerability, social marginalisation and limited access to supportive networks. This study examines the impact of the Youth Association (YA) model, implemented by Railway Children Africa, and does so through the lens of the relational well-being approach, which emphasises the interplay of material, relational and subjective dimensions of well-being, as well as personal, societal and environmental drivers of well-being. Using a mixed methods design, this study tracked 116 SCYP in Mwanza and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, through four stages of the YA model. Quantitative data revealed gains: 71% transitioned into stable housing, 84% reported increased pride and self-worth and 58% initiated income-generating projects. Qualitative insights provided deeper context, capturing participants' reflections on how peer networks and leadership opportunities, and vocational training fostered self-confidence, economic independence and community integration. Participants' recommendations included expanding educational opportunities, enhancing health services and addressing logistical barriers to increase the model's accessibility and impact. This study demonstrates the transformative potential of relationally driven interventions for vulnerable young people. By leveraging existing networks and prioritising relational support, the YA model offers an effective pathway for SCYP to transition from precarity to stability. The findings underscore the importance of participatory approaches and call for further research into the invisible networks of care supporting SCYP, ensuring that future interventions are responsive to their lived experiences and evolving needs.