Analysis of Levels of Vitamin D, Beta-Amyloid 42, Indoxyl Sulfate, and Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Hemodialysis Patients with Cognitive Impairment.

Abstract

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a recurrent complication in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which includes those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Researchers aimed to analyze vitamin D levels, beta-amyloid 42, indoxyl sulfate, and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with cognitive impairment who underwent HD.

Design: This comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the HD unit of Dr. M Djamil Padang Hospital. This study enrolled 60 patients with CKD who underwent routine HD and 20 normal subjects as controls. In both groups, serum levels of vitamin D, beta-amyloid 42, indoxyl sulfate, and PTH were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and cognitive function was assessed using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment neuropsychological test.

Results: The mean±standard deviation age of the study subjects was 51.48±11.44 years, with 53.4 percent being male. Vitamin D levels were higher in the control group, compared to the case group (p<0.05). The case group had higher levels of beta-amyloid, indoxyl sulfate, and PTH, compared to the control group (p<0.05). Significant differences were found in vitamin D and indoxyl sulfate levels between the groups with and without cognitive impairment (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Lower levels of vitamin D and higher levels of indoxyl sulfate were observed in the group with cognitive impairment when compared to the group without cognitive impairment.