Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin E in Ocular Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Update on the Emerging Evidence and Therapeutic Implications.

Abstract

Vitamin E is renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, crucial for shielding cells against oxidative stress and damage. Deficiency in this vitamin can lead to various health issues, including neurodegenerative diseases, due to its pivotal role in preserving cell membrane integrity and combating cellular oxidative damage. While its importance for overall health, including neurodegeneration, is acknowledged, the specific correlation between vitamin E deficiency and distinct ocular neurodegenerative disorders need to be further explored. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms of vitamin E in ocular neurodegenerative disorders; diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts, and emphasising the therapeutic implications drawn from existing evidence. Relationship between vitamin E and ocular neurodegenerative disorders is widely researched on, with its primary protective mechanisms attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies on the supplementation of vitamin E among human subjects present mixed results, suggesting its complexities and variability depending on factors such as the specific disorder, disease stage, genetic differences, and form of vitamin E utilized. In conclusion, while vitamin E holds promise in mitigating ocular neurodegeneration through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its supplementation's efficacy remains nuanced and context dependent. More research works are essential to elucidate its precise role and therapeutic potential in combating various ocular neurodegenerative disorders.