A combined school survey and reactive case detection reveals minimal local transmission of malaria in the Highlands Region of Papua New Guinea.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Malaria Journal Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI:10.1186/s12936-024-05197-2

Osama Seidahmed, Serah Kurumop, Elizabeth Wawaga, Melvin Kualawi, Valentine Siba, Sharon Jamea, Yangta Ura, Leo Makita, William Pomat, Manuel W Hetzel

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Abstract

Background: The Highlands of Papua New Guinea are non-endemic for malaria compared to the rest of the country. This study aimed to explore the local transmission of malaria in the Highlands through a cross-sectional school survey coupled with reactive case detection.

Methods: Between July and November 2019, 5575 schoolchildren and 1048 household members were screened for malaria using Rapid Diagnostic Tests, subsequently validated by light microscopy. In addition, an analysis of malaria cases (2017 to 2019) was conducted across 33 health facilities within the catchment areas of the surveyed schools and households.

Results: Thirteen individuals were diagnosed with malaria: eleven with Plasmodium falciparum (five schoolchildren, six household members) and two with Plasmodium vivax (one student, one household member); all were aged ten years or older. Malaria prevalence was 0.09% [95% CI 0.03, 0.3] among schoolchildren and 1.7% [95% CI 0.3, 9.1] among household members. Eleven positive individuals (84%) reported recent travel, mainly to lower-altitude endemic areas. Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets were used by 34.8% [95% CI 28.7, 40.8] of household members. The average annual malaria incidence in the catchment areas was 3.7 cases per 1000 [95% CI 2.6, 5.3] among the general population, while children under 15 years accounted for 19% [95% CI 14, 27] of the positive cases.

Conclusions: Local malaria transmission appears to be minimal in the surveyed Highlands areas. Strengthening surveillance-response system to control imported cases and stop local foci could support malaria elimination in PNG. However, effective operational triggers for reactive case finding remain to be determined.

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一项综合学校调查和反应性病例发现显示，巴布亚新几内亚高地地区的疟疾本地传播极少。

背景：与该国其他地区相比，巴布亚新几内亚高地的疟疾没有地方性流行。本研究旨在通过一项横断面学校调查结合反应性病例检测来探索高原疟疾的当地传播。方法：在2019年7月至11月期间，使用快速诊断测试对5575名学童和1048名家庭成员进行了疟疾筛查，随后通过光学显微镜进行了验证。此外，还对被调查学校和家庭的集水区内的33个卫生设施进行了疟疾病例分析（2017年至2019年）。结果：确诊疟疾13例，其中恶性疟原虫11例（5名学生，6名家庭成员），间日疟原虫2例（1名学生，1名家庭成员）；所有人的年龄都在10岁以上。儿童中的疟疾患病率为0.09% [95% CI 0.03, 0.3]，家庭成员中的疟疾患病率为1.7% [95% CI 0.3, 9.1]。11名阳性个体（84%）报告了最近的旅行，主要是到低海拔流行地区。34.8%的家庭成员使用长效驱虫蚊帐[95% CI 28.7, 40.8]。在一般人群中，集水区年平均疟疾发病率为每1000例3.7例[95% CI 2.6, 5.3]，而15岁以下儿童占阳性病例的19% [95% CI 14, 27]。结论：在调查的高地地区，当地疟疾传播似乎很少。加强监测-反应系统以控制输入病例和阻止当地疫源地可支持巴布亚新几内亚消除疟疾。然而，反应性病例发现的有效操作触发因素仍有待确定。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Malaria Journal 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

23.30%

发文量

334

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Malaria Journal is aimed at the scientific community interested in malaria in its broadest sense. It is the only journal that publishes exclusively articles on malaria and, as such, it aims to bring together knowledge from the different specialities involved in this very broad discipline, from the bench to the bedside and to the field.