Correlation Between West Nile Virus and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Background: West Nile Virus [WNV] is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. It has spread globally, causing asymptomatic to severe neurological diseases in humans, with an increased risk in older adults and those with underlying conditions. This review examines WNV's impact on pregnancy, focusing on maternal and neonatal symptoms and risks.

Methods: This systematic review included primary studies from "PUBMED" and "SCOPUS" databases, as well as Google and Google Scholar, conducted in July 2024 using the appropriate keywords. This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for bias assessment.

Results: Seven primary studies were included in the systematic review. Fever was the predominating symptom, including neurological manifestations, respiratory symptoms, myalgia, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and rashes. Delivery, in most cases, progressed without any complications, while no infection was noted. Most of the neonates had a normal Apgar score, and their developmental functions did not seem to be affected. Even though, antibodies against WNV were detected in breast milk, no association with transmission to the neonate was observed.

Conclusions: WNV infection is mostly associated with favorable outcomes during pregnancy. However, larger cohorts are needed to confirm our conclusions. Prompt diagnosis and public health surveillance are pivotal to eliminate disease transmission.