Development and Healing Process of Severe Radiodermatitis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Scoping Review.

Abstract

Aims: To summarize the morphological characteristics and development and healing processes of severe radiodermatitis for examining the factors contributing to the development of severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Data were extracted from selected references describing detailed conditions of severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. The data were organized separately for radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and bioradiotherapy. Data Sources: Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were used to search for papers from 2000 to December 2023. Results: 11 out of 658 references met the criteria for this review. The morphological characteristics of severe radiodermatitis were categorized by symptoms, site, and shape, and a condition in which moist desquamations and associated crusts spreading to the anterior and lateral neck areas were extracted. In bioradiotherapy, the process of keratinocyte degeneration and formation of blisters under the epidermis leading to moist desquamations was extracted. In chemoradiotherapy, the process of epithelization was extracted 1 week following the occurrence of moist desquamations. Conclusions: Moist desquamations are more likely to occur in severe radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer. Since they can fuse and spread, preventative measures to mitigate spreading are important. However, there is insufficient information to examine the causes of widespread moist desquamations. For preventing moist desquamations and establishing care methods to heal moist desquamations, it may be necessary to identify the symptoms, site, and shape, including the color tone and depth, and healing process during their occurrence.