Reversible Isomerization of Stiff-Stilbene by an Oriented External Electric Field

Abstract

Understanding and effectively controlling molecular conformational changes are essential for developing responsive and dynamic molecular systems. Here, we report that an oriented external electric field (OEEF) is an effective catalyst for the cis–trans isomerization of stiff-stilbene, a key component of overcrowded alkene-based rotary motors. This reversible isomerization occurs under ambient conditions, is free from side reactions, and has been verified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Low electric field promotes cis-to-trans conversion, and high electric field enables the reverse trans-to-cis process, demonstrating the precise reaction control through electric field manipulation. Density functional theory calculations reveal the mechanism of the electric-field-catalyzed cis–trans carbon–carbon double bond isomerization. Our findings provide a novel perspective on constructing OEEF-catalyzed, reversible molecular systems and pave the way for fully electrically driven artificial molecular machines.