Towards cell-adhesive, 4D printable PCL networks through dynamic covalent chemistry†

IF 6.1 3区 医学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS Journal of Materials Chemistry B Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI:10.1039/D4TB02423K
Sagnik Ghosh, Sathiyaraj Subramaniyan, Anadi Bisht, Bhanu Nandan, Ritu Kulshreshtha, Minna Hakkarainen and Rajiv K. Srivastava
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Abstract

In recent years, the development of biodegradable, cell-adhesive polymeric implants and minimally invasive surgery has significantly advanced healthcare. These materials exhibit multifunctional properties like self-healing, shape-memory, and cell adhesion, which can be achieved through novel chemical approaches. Engineering of such materials and their scalability using a classical polymer network without complex chemical synthesis and modification has been a great challenge, which potentially can be resolved using biobased dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). Here, we report a scalable, self-healable, biodegradable, and cell-adhesive poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based vitrimer scaffold, using imine exchange, free from the limitations of melting transitions and supramolecular interactions in 4D-printed PCL. PCL's typical hydrophobicity hinders cell adhesion; however, our design, based on photopolymerization of PCL-dimethacrylate and methacrylate-terminated vanillin-based imine, achieves a water contact angle of 64°. The polymer network, fabricated in varying proportions, exhibited a co-continuous phase morphology, achieving optimal shape fixity (91 ± 1.7%) and shape recovery (92.5 ± 0.1%) at physiological temperature (37 °C). Additionally, the scaffold promoted cell adhesion and proliferation and reduced oxidative stress at the defect site. This multifunctional material shows the potential of DCC-based research in developing smart biomedical devices with complex geometries, paving the way for novel applications in regenerative medicine and implant design.

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通过动态共价化学,向细胞粘合剂,4D打印PCL网络。
近年来,生物可降解、细胞黏附的聚合物植入物和微创手术的发展显著地促进了医疗保健。这些材料具有自我修复、形状记忆和细胞粘附等多功能特性,可以通过新的化学方法实现。这类材料的工程设计及其可扩展性使用经典的聚合物网络,而不需要复杂的化学合成和修饰,这是一个巨大的挑战,有可能通过生物基动态共价化学(DCC)来解决。在这里,我们报告了一种可扩展的、可自我修复的、可生物降解的、基于聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL)的细胞粘附性聚合物支架,利用亚胺交换,不受4d打印PCL中熔融转变和超分子相互作用的限制。PCL的典型疏水性阻碍了细胞的粘附;然而,我们的设计,基于pcl -二甲基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯端部香草素基亚胺的光聚合,实现了64°的水接触角。以不同比例制备的聚合物网络具有共连续相形态,在生理温度(37℃)下具有最佳的形状固定点(91±1.7%)和形状恢复(92.5±0.1%)。此外,支架促进细胞粘附和增殖,减少缺陷部位的氧化应激。这种多功能材料显示了基于dcc的研究在开发具有复杂几何形状的智能生物医学设备方面的潜力,为再生医学和植入物设计的新应用铺平了道路。
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来源期刊
Journal of Materials Chemistry B
Journal of Materials Chemistry B MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS-
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
866
期刊介绍: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C cover high quality studies across all fields of materials chemistry. The journals focus on those theoretical or experimental studies that report new understanding, applications, properties and synthesis of materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, B & C are separated by the intended application of the material studied. Broadly, applications in energy and sustainability are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry A, applications in biology and medicine are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry B, and applications in optical, magnetic and electronic devices are of interest to Journal of Materials Chemistry C.Journal of Materials Chemistry B is a Transformative Journal and Plan S compliant. Example topic areas within the scope of Journal of Materials Chemistry B are listed below. This list is neither exhaustive nor exclusive: Antifouling coatings Biocompatible materials Bioelectronics Bioimaging Biomimetics Biomineralisation Bionics Biosensors Diagnostics Drug delivery Gene delivery Immunobiology Nanomedicine Regenerative medicine & Tissue engineering Scaffolds Soft robotics Stem cells Therapeutic devices
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