Exploring Cervical Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiological Insights, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges, and Pathogenetic Mechanisms

IF 2.9 2区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY Cancer Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI:10.1002/cam4.70620

Shuhui Li, Congrong Liu, Liang Weng

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Abstract

Background

Cervical cancer poses a significant threat to women's health and encompasses various histological types, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), cervical adenocarcinoma (CA), and adenosquamous carcinoma. CA, in particular, presents a formidable challenge in clinical management due to its low early detection rate, pronounced aggressiveness, high recurrence rate, and mortality, compounded by the complexities associated with late-stage treatment. There is limited understanding of the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis mechanisms between CA and SCC, such as tumor heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME).

Methods

A literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using the following research terms: “gynecological oncology,” “cervical cancer,” “cervical adenocarcinoma,” “epidemiology,” “diagnosis and treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma,” “Human papillomavirus,” “World Health Organization,” “tumor microenvironment,” “single-cell RNA sequencing,” “molecular mechanism,” and “preclinical research model.”

Conclusion

This review consolidates the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic hurdles, and the latest advances in research on CA. It aims to highlight the significant heterogeneity of the TME characteristics exhibited by CA compared to SCC. Additionally, we also summarize the common preclinical models for CA and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using various models in research. We aspire that the discussions presented herein will offer novel insights and directions for subsequent research, as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for CA.

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探索宫颈腺癌：流行病学见解，诊断和治疗的挑战，和发病机制。

背景：宫颈癌对妇女健康构成重大威胁，包括各种组织学类型，包括鳞状细胞癌（SCC）、宫颈腺癌（CA）和腺鳞状癌。特别是CA，由于其早期检出率低，侵袭性强，复发率高，死亡率高，加上晚期治疗的复杂性，在临床管理中提出了巨大的挑战。对于CA和SCC在发病机制上的异同，如肿瘤异质性和肿瘤免疫微环境（TME）的了解有限。方法：在PubMed、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar数据库中检索文献，检索的研究术语为：“妇科肿瘤学”、“宫颈癌”、“子宫颈腺癌”、“流行病学”、“子宫颈腺癌的诊断与治疗”、“人乳头瘤病毒”、“世界卫生组织”、“肿瘤微环境”、“单细胞RNA测序”、“分子机制”和“临床前研究模型”。结论：本文综述了CA的流行病学特征、诊断和治疗障碍以及最新研究进展，旨在突出CA与SCC相比所表现出的TME特征的显著异质性。此外，我们还总结了常见的CA临床前模型，并讨论了在研究中使用各种模型的优缺点。我们希望本文的讨论将为后续研究以及CA的临床诊断和治疗策略提供新的见解和方向。

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来源期刊

Cancer Medicine ONCOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

2.50%

发文量

907

审稿时长

19 weeks

期刊介绍： Cancer Medicine is a peer-reviewed, open access, interdisciplinary journal providing rapid publication of research from global biomedical researchers across the cancer sciences. The journal will consider submissions from all oncologic specialties, including, but not limited to, the following areas: Clinical Cancer Research Translational research ∙ clinical trials ∙ chemotherapy ∙ radiation therapy ∙ surgical therapy ∙ clinical observations ∙ clinical guidelines ∙ genetic consultation ∙ ethical considerations Cancer Biology: Molecular biology ∙ cellular biology ∙ molecular genetics ∙ genomics ∙ immunology ∙ epigenetics ∙ metabolic studies ∙ proteomics ∙ cytopathology ∙ carcinogenesis ∙ drug discovery and delivery. Cancer Prevention: Behavioral science ∙ psychosocial studies ∙ screening ∙ nutrition ∙ epidemiology and prevention ∙ community outreach. Bioinformatics: Gene expressions profiles ∙ gene regulation networks ∙ genome bioinformatics ∙ pathwayanalysis ∙ prognostic biomarkers. Cancer Medicine publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and research methods papers, along with invited editorials and commentaries. Original research papers must report well-conducted research with conclusions supported by the data presented in the paper.