{"title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-associated tumor microenvironment remodelling and cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Songsong Wu, Zhumin Cao, Rongying Lu, Zhenwang Zhang, Gautam Sethi, Yulai You","doi":"10.1016/j.cytogfr.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine playing a pivotal role during inflammation and immune responses. In the recent years, the function of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for affecting tumorigenesis and immunotherapy response has been investigated. The genetic mutations are mainly responsible for the development of cancer, while interactions in TME are also important, involving both cancers and non-cancerous cells. IL-6 plays a significant role in these interactions, enhancing the proliferation, survival and metastasis of tumor cells through inflammatory pathways, highlighting its carcinogenic function. Multiple immune cells including macrophages, T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells and natural killer cells can be affected by IL-6 to develop immunosuppressive TME. IL-6 can also participate in the immune evasion through increasing levels of PD-L1, compromising the efficacy of therapeutics. Notably, IL-6 exerts a double-edge sword function and it can dually increase or decrease cancer immunotherapy, providing a challenge for targeting this cytokine in cancer therapy. Highlighting the complicated function of IL-6 in TME can lead to the development of effective therapeutics for cancer immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11132,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2025.01.001","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine playing a pivotal role during inflammation and immune responses. In the recent years, the function of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for affecting tumorigenesis and immunotherapy response has been investigated. The genetic mutations are mainly responsible for the development of cancer, while interactions in TME are also important, involving both cancers and non-cancerous cells. IL-6 plays a significant role in these interactions, enhancing the proliferation, survival and metastasis of tumor cells through inflammatory pathways, highlighting its carcinogenic function. Multiple immune cells including macrophages, T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells and natural killer cells can be affected by IL-6 to develop immunosuppressive TME. IL-6 can also participate in the immune evasion through increasing levels of PD-L1, compromising the efficacy of therapeutics. Notably, IL-6 exerts a double-edge sword function and it can dually increase or decrease cancer immunotherapy, providing a challenge for targeting this cytokine in cancer therapy. Highlighting the complicated function of IL-6 in TME can lead to the development of effective therapeutics for cancer immunity.
期刊介绍:
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews is a leading publication that focuses on the dynamic fields of growth factor and cytokine research. Our journal offers a platform for authors to disseminate thought-provoking articles such as critical reviews, state-of-the-art reviews, letters to the editor, and meeting reviews.
We aim to cover important breakthroughs in these rapidly evolving areas, providing valuable insights into the multidisciplinary significance of cytokines and growth factors. Our journal spans various domains including signal transduction, cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development, immunology, tumorigenesis, and clinical medicine.
By publishing cutting-edge research and analysis, we aim to influence the way researchers and experts perceive and understand growth factors and cytokines. We encourage novel expressions of ideas and innovative approaches to organizing content, fostering a stimulating environment for knowledge exchange and scientific advancement.