The Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity.

IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Deutsches Arzteblatt international Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.3238/arztebl.m2025.0004
Basel Habboub, Robert Speer, Markus Gosch, Katrin Singler
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Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive, generalized disease of skeletal muscle characterized by a loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. The combination of obesity and sarcopenia is called sarcopenic obesity. Because of the aging of the population in many countries around the world, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are a challenge for global health policy.

Methods: This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective literature search.

Results: The effects of sarcopenia on health and quality of life are far-reaching and include difficulty coping with everyday life, an increased risk of falling, frequent hospitalization, and increased mortality. A population-based study in Germany revealed a 7% prevalence of sarcopenia in adults aged 65 and above. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 4.5%. Persons aged 65 and above who are at increased risk for sarcopenia should be screened, e.g., with the SARC-F questionnaire. If screening yields a suggestive finding (SARC-F ≥ 4 points), the diagnosis of sarcopenia should be confirmed or ruled out by measurements of muscle strength (e.g. hand-grip strength, reference values: women <16 kg, men <27 kg) and appendicular muscle mass (women <5.5 kg/m2, men <7.0 kg/m2). The demonstration of reduced muscle strength is sufficient to initiate treatment. For the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity, increased fat mass is additionally required. The goal of treatment is to improve mobility and reduce negative health outcomes. The treatment consists of resistance training and nutritional interventions.

Conclusion: A targeted and structured approach to the detection and treatment of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity can make a major contribution to the maintenance or improvement of these patients' functionality and quality of life.

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肌少症和肌少性肥胖的诊断与治疗。
背景:骨骼肌减少症是一种进行性、全身性骨骼肌疾病,其特征是肌肉力量和肌肉质量的丧失。肥胖和肌肉减少症的结合被称为肌肉减少性肥胖。由于世界上许多国家的人口老龄化,肌肉减少症和肌肉减少性肥胖是全球卫生政策面临的挑战。方法:本综述基于选择性文献检索检索到的相关出版物。结果:骨骼肌减少症对健康和生活质量的影响是深远的,包括日常生活困难、摔倒风险增加、频繁住院和死亡率增加。德国的一项基于人群的研究显示,65岁及以上的成年人中肌肉减少症的患病率为7%。肌肉减少型肥胖的患病率为4.5%。65岁及以上的肌肉减少症风险增加的人应进行筛查,例如使用SARC-F问卷。如果筛查结果提示(SARC-F≥4分),则应通过测量肌肉力量(如握力、参考值:女性)来确认或排除肌少症的诊断。结论:有针对性和结构化的方法来检测和治疗肌少症和肌少性肥胖,可以对维持或改善这些患者的功能和生活质量做出重大贡献。
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来源期刊
Deutsches Arzteblatt international
Deutsches Arzteblatt international 医学-医学:内科
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.20%
发文量
306
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International is a bilingual (German and English) weekly online journal that focuses on clinical medicine and public health. It serves as the official publication for both the German Medical Association and the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. The journal is dedicated to publishing independent, peer-reviewed articles that cover a wide range of clinical medicine disciplines. It also features editorials and a dedicated section for scientific discussion, known as correspondence. The journal aims to provide valuable medical information to its international readership and offers insights into the German medical landscape. Since its launch in January 2008, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International has been recognized and included in several prestigious databases, which helps to ensure its content is accessible and credible to the global medical community. These databases include: Carelit CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Compendex DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database) EMNursing GEOBASE (Geoscience & Environmental Data) HINARI (Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative) Index Copernicus Medline (MEDLARS Online) Medpilot PsycINFO (Psychological Information Database) Science Citation Index Expanded Scopus By being indexed in these databases, Deutsches Ärzteblatt International's articles are made available to researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals worldwide, contributing to the global exchange of medical knowledge and research.
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