Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization.
Carolina Gómez Vargas, Nora Marta Andrea Ponce, Carlos A Stortz, Eliana Noemi Fissore, Pablo Bonelli, Carlos Mauricio Otálora González, Lía Noemí Gerschenson
{"title":"Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of <i>Malus domestica</i> using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization.","authors":"Carolina Gómez Vargas, Nora Marta Andrea Ponce, Carlos A Stortz, Eliana Noemi Fissore, Pablo Bonelli, Carlos Mauricio Otálora González, Lía Noemí Gerschenson","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2024.1504582","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of green solvents, citric acid (CA), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the obtention of pectin from wastes (pulp and peel) of <i>Malus domestica</i> was studied. The NADES used comprised citric acid-glucose-water (N1) or lactic acid-glucose-water (N2). The fractions rich in pectin obtained after exposure to NADES showed lower yield (≈4 g/100 g CA vs. ≈ 11 g/100 g CA), equal to or lower degree of methoxylation (53-71 mol/100 mol CA vs. 73 mol/100 mol CA), equal to or greater content of uronic acid (50-63 g/100 g CA vs. 51 g/100 g CA) than those isolated with CA, and the ones obtained from peel were the most thermally stable. These pectins showed greater linearity, shorter branch lengths, and lower arabinose content than those obtained with CA. The neutral sugars present in the highest concentration in all the isolated fractions were arabinose, xylose, galactose, and rhamnose. Glucose was also detected, probably due to contamination with starch. Their aqueous solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior. The effect of ultrasound assistance was preliminarily evaluated in the production of pectic fractions using N2, observing higher yields (13-18 g/100 g), in general, a higher concentration of uronic acid and a higher degree of methoxylation when compared with the extraction without US. They also showed greater arabinose content (less degradative treatment), lower glucose content (increased purity), and higher rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) content. It is known that RG-I is linked to pectin bioactivity and rheological behavior. The green solvent techniques assayed allowed obtaining fractions rich in uronic acid with different chemical, thermochemical, and rheological characteristics. In the case of isolation with NADES, the yield was low, but preliminary tests with ultrasound assistance showed that it is possible to overcome this limitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"1504582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743659/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2024.1504582","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The use of green solvents, citric acid (CA), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the obtention of pectin from wastes (pulp and peel) of Malus domestica was studied. The NADES used comprised citric acid-glucose-water (N1) or lactic acid-glucose-water (N2). The fractions rich in pectin obtained after exposure to NADES showed lower yield (≈4 g/100 g CA vs. ≈ 11 g/100 g CA), equal to or lower degree of methoxylation (53-71 mol/100 mol CA vs. 73 mol/100 mol CA), equal to or greater content of uronic acid (50-63 g/100 g CA vs. 51 g/100 g CA) than those isolated with CA, and the ones obtained from peel were the most thermally stable. These pectins showed greater linearity, shorter branch lengths, and lower arabinose content than those obtained with CA. The neutral sugars present in the highest concentration in all the isolated fractions were arabinose, xylose, galactose, and rhamnose. Glucose was also detected, probably due to contamination with starch. Their aqueous solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior. The effect of ultrasound assistance was preliminarily evaluated in the production of pectic fractions using N2, observing higher yields (13-18 g/100 g), in general, a higher concentration of uronic acid and a higher degree of methoxylation when compared with the extraction without US. They also showed greater arabinose content (less degradative treatment), lower glucose content (increased purity), and higher rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) content. It is known that RG-I is linked to pectin bioactivity and rheological behavior. The green solvent techniques assayed allowed obtaining fractions rich in uronic acid with different chemical, thermochemical, and rheological characteristics. In the case of isolation with NADES, the yield was low, but preliminary tests with ultrasound assistance showed that it is possible to overcome this limitation.
研究了用绿色溶剂柠檬酸（CA）和天然深共晶溶剂（NADES）从海参废（果肉和果皮）中提取果胶的方法。所使用的NADES包括柠檬酸-葡萄糖-水（N1）或乳酸-葡萄糖-水（N2）。NADES处理后得到的果胶含量丰富的组分产率较低（≈4 g/100 g CA vs≈11 g/100 g CA），甲氧基化程度等于或更低（53-71 mol/100 mol CA vs. 73 mol/100 mol CA），醛酸含量等于或更高（50-63 g/100 g CA vs. 51 g/100 g CA），且从果皮中分离得到的组分热稳定性最好。这些果胶的线性度更高，枝长更短，阿拉伯糖含量较低。在所有分离的部分中，阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖的含量最高。葡萄糖也被检测到，可能是由于淀粉污染。它们的水溶液表现出假塑性行为。初步评价了超声辅助下用N2提取果胶馏分的效果，发现与不加US的提取相比，超声辅助下的产率更高（13 ~ 18 g/100 g），总体而言，脲酸浓度更高，甲氧基化程度更高。它们也显示出更高的阿拉伯糖含量（更少的降解处理），更低的葡萄糖含量（提高纯度）和更高的鼠李糖半乳糖酸I （RG-I）含量。已知RG-I与果胶的生物活性和流变行为有关。绿色溶剂技术可以获得富含不同化学、热化学和流变特性的尿素酸的馏分。在用NADES分离的情况下，产率很低，但在超声辅助下的初步试验表明，有可能克服这一限制。
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Chemistry is a high visiblity and quality journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the chemical sciences. Field Chief Editor Steve Suib at the University of Connecticut is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to academics, industry leaders and the public worldwide.
Chemistry is a branch of science that is linked to all other main fields of research. The omnipresence of Chemistry is apparent in our everyday lives from the electronic devices that we all use to communicate, to foods we eat, to our health and well-being, to the different forms of energy that we use. While there are many subtopics and specialties of Chemistry, the fundamental link in all these areas is how atoms, ions, and molecules come together and come apart in what some have come to call the “dance of life”.
All specialty sections of Frontiers in Chemistry are open-access with the goal of publishing outstanding research publications, review articles, commentaries, and ideas about various aspects of Chemistry. The past forms of publication often have specific subdisciplines, most commonly of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistries, but these days those lines and boxes are quite blurry and the silos of those disciplines appear to be eroding. Chemistry is important to both fundamental and applied areas of research and manufacturing, and indeed the outlines of academic versus industrial research are also often artificial. Collaborative research across all specialty areas of Chemistry is highly encouraged and supported as we move forward. These are exciting times and the field of Chemistry is an important and significant contributor to our collective knowledge.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
分享
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
扫码关注我们
