Toxicological impact of silver nanoparticles on soil microbial indicators in contaminated soil (pot experiment).

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q3 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Nanotoxicology Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI:10.1080/17435390.2025.2454967

Ali Ashraf Soltani Toularoud, Samira Nasrollahi, Esmaiel Goli Kalanpa, Tohid Rouhi Kelarlou, Ali Nematollahzadeh

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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), recognized for their unique properties, are widely applied in fields such as agriculture, biotechnology, food security, and medicine. However, concerns persist regarding their interactions with living organisms and potential environmental impacts. This study investigates the effects of AgNPs on key soil microbial indicators that are essential for ecological functioning. A pot experiment was conducted with varying concentrations of AgNPs (0, 30, 60, 120, 240 mg kg^-1) and incubation periods (0, 15, 30, and 45 days). The results demonstrated a substantial reduction in microbial indicators, including bacterial and fungal colony-forming units (B.CFUs and F.CFUs), total microbial population (MPN), microbial basal respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN). These declines were more pronounced with increasing AgNP concentrations and prolonged incubation times, particularly within the first 15 days. Notably, even at lower concentrations, AgNPs exhibited significant toxicity to microbial indicators. The most severe impact was observed at 240 mg kg^-1 of AgNPs after 45 days, where B.CFUs, F.CFUs, MPN, MBC, and MBN showed substantial declines, with the greatest reduction at the highest concentration. Additionally, the microbial quotient (qmic) decreased by 66%, and variations in the respiratory quotient (qCO₂) were observed. Strong positive correlations were found among the microbial indicators, highlighting their interconnected responses to AgNP exposure. Overall, the study emphasizes the significant toxicity of AgNPs, raising concerns about their potential to disrupt soil ecosystems.

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纳米银对污染土壤微生物指标的毒理学影响（盆栽试验）。

银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）以其独特的性能被广泛应用于农业、生物技术、粮食安全、医药等领域。然而，对它们与生物体的相互作用和潜在的环境影响的关注仍然存在。本研究探讨了AgNPs对生态功能至关重要的关键土壤微生物指标的影响。在不同浓度的AgNPs（0、30、60、120、240 mg kg-1）和孵育时间（0、15、30和45天）下进行盆栽试验。结果表明，微生物指标显著降低，包括细菌和真菌菌落形成单位（b.cfu和f.cfu）、微生物总种群（MPN）、微生物基础呼吸（BR）、底物诱导呼吸（SIR）和微生物生物量碳氮（MBC和MBN）。随着AgNP浓度的增加和孵育时间的延长，特别是在头15天内，这些下降更为明显。值得注意的是，即使在较低浓度下，AgNPs对微生物指标也表现出显著的毒性。45天后，当AgNPs浓度为240 mg kg-1时，影响最为严重，B.CFUs、F.CFUs、MPN、MBC和MBN均出现明显下降，且浓度最高时下降幅度最大。此外，微生物商（qmic）下降了66%，呼吸商（qCO2）也发生了变化。在微生物指标之间发现了强正相关，突出了它们对AgNP暴露的相互反应。总的来说，这项研究强调了AgNPs的重大毒性，引起了人们对它们可能破坏土壤生态系统的担忧。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nanotoxicology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

3.5 months

期刊介绍： Nanotoxicology invites contributions addressing research relating to the potential for human and environmental exposure, hazard and risk associated with the use and development of nano-structured materials. In this context, the term nano-structured materials has a broad definition, including ‘materials with at least one dimension in the nanometer size range’. These nanomaterials range from nanoparticles and nanomedicines, to nano-surfaces of larger materials and composite materials. The range of nanomaterials in use and under development is extremely diverse, so this journal includes a range of materials generated for purposeful delivery into the body (food, medicines, diagnostics and prosthetics), to consumer products (e.g. paints, cosmetics, electronics and clothing), and particles designed for environmental applications (e.g. remediation). It is the nano-size range if these materials which unifies them and defines the scope of Nanotoxicology . While the term ‘toxicology’ indicates risk, the journal Nanotoxicology also aims to encompass studies that enhance safety during the production, use and disposal of nanomaterials. Well-controlled studies demonstrating a lack of exposure, hazard or risk associated with nanomaterials, or studies aiming to improve biocompatibility are welcomed and encouraged, as such studies will lead to an advancement of nanotechnology. Furthermore, many nanoparticles are developed with the intention to improve human health (e.g. antimicrobial agents), and again, such articles are encouraged. In order to promote quality, Nanotoxicology will prioritise publications that have demonstrated characterisation of the nanomaterials investigated.