Maternal smoking during infancy increases the risk of allergic diseases in children: a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan.

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 ALLERGY Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI:10.1186/s13223-025-00952-9

Kenji Shigehara, Naomi Matsumoto, Mitsuru Tsuge, Kazuhiro Uda, Yukie Saito, Masato Yashiro, Takashi Yorifuji, Masanori Ikeda, Hirokazu Tsukahara

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Abstract

Background: The incidence of allergic diseases has been increasing in Japan. In particular, a serious decline in the age of onset of allergic rhinitis has been observed. Passive smoking from parental smoking has a significant impact on children's health; however, it is difficult to restrict smoking in the home. While various studies have previously reported on the relationship between passive smoking and the development of allergic diseases in children. However, there have been no reports on passive smoking and allergic diseases on a national scale.

Methods: Using Japanese national longitudinal survey data (n = 38,444) for newborns born between May 10 and 24, 2010, we assessed parental smoking habits when their children were 6 months old and investigated the association with the development of allergic diseases until the age of 5.5 years. The risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the development of different allergic diseases were analyzed after adjusting for potential confounders using Poisson regression with a robust error variance.

Results: The risk ratio for developing allergic rhinitis/allergic conjunctivitis (AR/AC) in children was significantly higher in the maternal smoking groups ( ≦ 10 cigarettes/day; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.30; ≧11 cigarettes/day; RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.93-1.44). Furthermore, associations were found between the maternal smoking group in the presence of paternal smoking and the risk of developing bronchial asthma ( ≦ 10, RR 1.33 95% CI 1.17-1.52; ≧11, RR 1.71 95% CI 1.38-2.1), food allergy ( ≦ 10, RR 1.36 95% CI 1.12-1.63; ≧11, RR 1.25 95% CI 0.84-1.86), atopic dermatitis ( ≦ 10, RR 1.42 95% CI 1.22-1.66; ≧11, RR 1.6 95% CI 1.2-2.13), and AR/AC ( ≦ 10, RR 1.21 95% CI 1.07-1.36; ≧11, RR 1.35 95% CI 1.09-1.67).

Conclusions: Maternal smoking during infancy increases the risk of developing AR/AC in children. Considering paternal smoking, maternal smoking further increased the risk of developing allergic diseases in children, suggesting that reducing parental smoking at home may reduce the risk of developing allergic diseases in children.

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母亲在婴儿期吸烟增加儿童过敏疾病的风险：日本的一项全国性纵向调查。

背景：日本变态反应性疾病的发病率呈上升趋势。特别是，已经观察到过敏性鼻炎发病年龄的严重下降。父母吸烟造成的被动吸烟对儿童健康有重大影响；然而，在家里限制吸烟是很困难的。虽然之前有各种研究报告了被动吸烟与儿童过敏性疾病发展之间的关系。然而，在全国范围内尚无关于被动吸烟和过敏性疾病的报道。方法：利用2010年5月10日至24日出生的日本全国纵向调查数据（n = 38,444），评估父母在孩子6个月大时的吸烟习惯，并调查其在5.5岁之前与过敏性疾病发展的关系。在校正了潜在混杂因素后，使用误差方差较强的泊松回归分析不同变态反应性疾病发生的风险比和95%置信区间。结果：母亲吸烟组儿童发生变应性鼻炎/变应性结膜炎（AR/AC）的风险比明显高于母亲吸烟组(≦10支/天；Rr 1.15, 95% ci 1.02-1.30；≧11香烟/天;Rr 1.16, 95% ci 0.93-1.44)。此外，在父亲吸烟的情况下，母亲吸烟组与患支气管哮喘的风险相关(≦10,RR 1.33 95% CI 1.17-1.52；≧11,RR 1.71 95% CI 1.38-2.1)，食物过敏(≦10,RR 1.36 95% CI 1.12-1.63；≧11,RR 1.25 95% CI 0.84-1.86)，特应性皮炎(≦10,RR 1.42 95% CI 1.22-1.66；≧11,RR 1.6 95% CI 1.2-2.13), AR/AC(≦10,RR 1.21 95% CI 1.07-1.36)；≧11,rr 1.35 （95% ci 1.09-1.67）。结论：母亲在婴儿期吸烟会增加儿童发生AR/AC的风险。考虑到父亲吸烟，母亲吸烟进一步增加了儿童发生过敏性疾病的风险，提示减少父母在家吸烟可能会降低儿童发生过敏性疾病的风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology ALLERGY-IMMUNOLOGY

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

3.70%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology (AACI), the official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (CSACI), is an open access journal that encompasses all aspects of diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of allergic and immunologic disease. By offering a high-visibility forum for new insights and discussions, AACI provides a platform for the dissemination of allergy and clinical immunology research and reviews amongst allergists, pulmonologists, immunologists and other physicians, healthcare workers, medical students and the public worldwide. AACI reports on basic research and clinically applied studies in the following areas and other related topics: asthma and occupational lung disease, rhinoconjunctivitis and rhinosinusitis, drug hypersensitivity, allergic skin diseases, urticaria and angioedema, venom hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis and food allergy, immunotherapy, immune modulators and biologics, immune deficiency and autoimmunity, T cell and B cell functions, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, mast cell and eosinophil functions, complement abnormalities.

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