[New methods at the transition from research to routine diagnostics].

Abstract

Background: Pathology, traditionally focused on classification and diagnosis, is continuously evolving through new technologies. Advances in proteomics, epigenetics, tissue staining, and 3D imaging expand the possibilities of classical morphology.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate how modern technologies can improve diagnostic accuracy and therapy selection and how they can be integrated into pathologic routine diagnostics.

Materials and methods: Recent studies in proteomics, epigenetics, multiplex tissue staining, and 3D tissue imaging were analyzed to assess their application and the challenges of clinical implementation.

Results: The analysis shows significant potential for pathologic diagnostics. Proteomics provides a deeper understanding of the molecular architecture of tumors, while epigenetics and 3D genome architecture offer new insights into genetic regulation and tumor heterogeneity. Multiplex tissue staining and 3D tissue imaging improve spatial tissue analysis.

Discussion: Despite the potential to improve diagnostics, high costs, technical complexity, and lack of standardization hinder integration into clinical practice. Nevertheless, these technologies offer promising approaches for optimizing diagnostics and therapy selection. Research and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial to successfully integrating these innovations into routine clinical practice.