[Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic profile of patients with left intraventricular thrombus in three high-complexity centers during the period 2000-2022].

Abstract

Objective: To determine the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic profile of patients with left intraventricular thrombus (LVT) in three high-complexity centers in Medellín, Colombia, between January 2000 and January 2022.

Materials and methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study that included 307 patients with LVT. Hospital records were analyzed to identify the clinical and therapeutic profile, and thrombus resolution and systemic embolism were evaluated. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test and a logistic regression model.

Results: The prevalence of LVT was 9.75%. In 85% of cases, LVT was diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography; 75.9% of patients were male, and the median age was 62 years. The most frequent comorbidities were heart failure (95.77%) and hypertension (69.7%).LVT occurred in 27% of cases in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was administered in 78.5% of cases, and warfarin was the most commonly used anticoagulant (82.7%). Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 19.2%, mainly gastrointestinal, and 35% of patients achieved thrombus resolution. Systemic embolism developed in 30% of cases, primarily affecting the central nervous system. Overall mortality was 15%.

Conclusions: The prevalence of LVT was 9.75%. Warfarin remains the standard treatment, although alternative therapies are used in special cases. Apical dysfunction was associated with systemic embolism.