Characterization of Rugulopteryx okamurae algae: A source of bioactive peptides, omega-3 fatty acids, and volatile compounds

Abstract

This study provides a detailed characterization of the invasive algae Rugulopteryx okamurae, highlighting its nutritional composition, mineral content, and potential bioactive compounds. This biomass contains 14.18 % protein, 21.29 % lipids (with a high omega-3 content), fibre (31.32 %), and significant amounts of minerals like calcium, sodium, potassium, sulphur, and iron. Phenolic compounds (0.74 %) and volatile compounds, such as retinol, were also identified. Peptidome analysis revealed 626 unique peptides, with 21 low molecular weight peptides showing potential activity against angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV when assessed using in silico tools and using molecular docking. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of the alga was demonstrated with a significant free radical inhibition (EC₅₀: 2.09 mg/mL). Overall, this study provides initial evidence on the nutritional potential of R. okamurae, which may have potential for future applications in food and biotechnology fields.