The Ca2+-actin-cytoskeleton axis in podocytes is an important, non-immunologic target of immunosuppressive therapy in proteinuric kidney diseases.

Abstract

The integrity of the filtration barrier of the kidney relies on the proper composition of podocyte interdigitating foot processes. Their architecture is supported by a complex actin-cytoskeleton. Following podocyte stress or injury, podocytes encounter structural changes, including rearrangement of the actin network and subsequent effacement of the foot processes. Immunosuppressive drugs, which are currently used as treatment in proteinuric kidney diseases, have been shown to exert not only immune-mediated effects. This review will focus on the direct effects of glucocorticoids, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab on podocytes by regulation of Ca²⁺ ion channels and consecutive downstream signaling which prevent cytoskeletal rearrangements and ultimately proteinuria. In addition, the efficacy of these drugs in genetic nephrotic syndrome will be discussed.