Preferences for breast cancer screening: Results of a discrete choice experiment

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the preferences of breast cancer patients in China for screening services using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and latent class modeling (LCM). The findings are intended to inform the development of more patient-centered screening programs.

Study design

A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey employing discrete choice experiment methodology.

Methods

A total of 278 breast cancer patients were recruited from the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery at a tertiary hospital in Guizhou Province. The study evaluated key attributes of screening services, including screening frequency, medical staff experience, referral sources, and out-of-pocket costs, through a DCE questionnaire. A mixed logit model was applied to assess overall patient preferences, while LCM was used to explore heterogeneity among patient subgroups. The development of the DCE questionnaire involved focus group discussions to ensure the relevance of attributes.

Results

The analysis revealed that screening frequency, medical staff experience, and out-of-pocket costs were the most significant factors influencing patient preferences. Patients exhibited a strong preference for annual screenings (β = −1.622, p < 0.001) and for screening by experienced medical staff (β = 2.216, p < 0.001). Additionally, lower out-of-pocket costs significantly enhanced willingness to participate (β = −0.211, p < 0.05). LCM analysis identified two distinct patient subgroups: “process-driven” patients, who prioritized lower costs and multi-channel referral options, and “efficiency-driven” patients, who valued timely service and experienced staff.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the diverse preferences of breast cancer patients for screening services and suggests that personalized screening programs could better meet the needs of different patient subgroups. Developing flexible, patient-centered screening programs will be essential to improving participation and satisfaction with breast cancer screening in China. Practical challenges in implementing such personalized approaches should be considered in future policy development.