Evaluation of Cognitive Functions in People Living with HIV Before and After COVID-19 Infection.

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 VIROLOGY Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI:10.3390/v17010135

Dimtrios Basoulis, Elpida Mastrogianni, Irene Eliadi, Nikolaos Platakis, Dimitris Platis, Mina Psichogiou

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Abstract

Background: Cognitive function decline is a problem in aging people living with HIV (PLWHIV). COVID-19 infection is associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations that may persist. The aim of our study was to evaluate cognitive function in PLWHIV before and after COVID-19 infection.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at "Laiko" General Hospital from July 2019 to July 2024. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scale was used to evaluate cognitive functions.

Results: 116 virally suppressed PLWHIV participated (mean age: 47.6 years, 91.4% male); 60 underwent repeated evaluation after the pandemic at a median interval of 3.1 years. The median MOCA score was 24 (22-26), with 35.3% scoring within normal limits. A negative correlation was observed between MOCA scores and age (ρ = -0.283, p = 0.002), but not with a CD4 count at diagnosis (ρ = 0.169, p = 0.071) or initial HIV RNA load (ρ = 0.02, p = 0.984). In the subgroup with repeated testing, MOCA was correlated with the CD4 count (ρ = 0.238, p = 0.069 in the first and ρ = 0.319, p = 0.014 second test). An improvement in performance was observed (median score increase from 24 to 25, p = 0.02).

Conclusions: MOCA can detect early changes in cognitive function in PLWHIV. Further studies are required to determine the role of COVID-19 over time.

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COVID-19感染前后HIV感染者认知功能的评估

背景：认知功能下降是老年HIV感染者（PLWHIV）的一个问题。COVID-19感染与可能持续存在的神经精神表现有关。本研究的目的是评估新冠病毒感染前后plwhv患者的认知功能。方法：前瞻性观察研究于2019年7月至2024年7月在莱科总医院进行。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MOCA）评估认知功能。结果：116例病毒抑制的PLWHIV患者（平均年龄47.6岁，男性占91.4%）；60人在大流行后以中位数间隔3.1年进行了重复评估。MOCA评分中位数为24(22-26)，其中35.3%评分在正常范围内。MOCA评分与年龄呈负相关（ρ = -0.283, p = 0.002），但与诊断时CD4计数（ρ = 0.169, p = 0.071）或初始HIV RNA载量（ρ = 0.02, p = 0.984）无关。在重复检测亚组中，MOCA与CD4计数相关（第一次检测ρ = 0.238, p = 0.069，第二次检测ρ = 0.319, p = 0.014）。观察到表现的改善（中位得分从24分增加到25分，p = 0.02）。结论：MOCA可检测PLWHIV患者认知功能的早期改变。需要进一步的研究来确定COVID-19随着时间的推移所起的作用。

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来源期刊

Viruses-Basel VIROLOGY-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

2445

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915) is an open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies of viruses. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, conference reports and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. We also encourage the publication of timely reviews and commentaries on topics of interest to the virology community and feature highlights from the virology literature in the ''News and Views'' section. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.