Orthogonal Solvent Approach in Dimensionality-Heterointerface Perovskite Photovoltaics

Abstract

Constructing low-dimensionality/three-dimensionality (LD/3D) perovskite heterointerfaces is a well-established strategy to enhance the perovskite photovoltaic performance. Here, we introduce a solvent-orthogonality approach to precisely tailor the structure and dimensionality of LD perovskites within LD/3D perovskite heterointerfaces, thereby optimizing interfacial energetics. In this approach, LD perovskite precursors, comprising both organic and inorganic components, are dissolved in a mixed acetonitrile and 1,2-dimethoxyethaane solvent system and deposited onto a 3D perovskite layer with minimal impact on the substrate. Unlike traditional cation-exchange methods that focus solely on organic components, our strategy enables the growth of dimensionally tailored LD stacks (1D, 2D, and quasi-2D configurations), forming effective LD/3D heterointerfaces. This optimization improves carrier kinetics at the perovskite-charge transport layer, resulting in an n-i-p device efficiency of 25.14% and solar modules (18 cm² active area) with 22.61% efficiency. Our solvent-orthogonality strategy presents a promising method for engineering perovskite heterointerfaces in various photovoltaic applications.